SHELLBARK HICKORY. SHAGBARK HICKORY. _Hicoria ovata_ (Millar) Britton. _Carya alba_ Nuttall. _Hickory_ is shortened and latinized from _Pawcohicora_, the Indian name for the liquor obtained from the kernels; _ovata_ refers to oval nut; _carya_, the Greek name for walnut. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in lower Ohio valley. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 70'-90' and even 120'; diameter, 2'-3', even 4'; straight, columnar trunk; bark, dark gray, separates into long, hard, plate-like strips, which cling to tree by middle, on young trees very smooth and close; leaves, 8"-20" long, compound 5 or (7) leaflets; nuts, globular, husk, four-valved, split easily, thin-shelled, edible. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, reddish brown, sap-wood whitish; ring-porous; rings, clearly marked; grain, straight; rays, numerous, thin. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very Heavy (1st in this list); 51 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr., 0.8372; very strong (5th in this list); very elastic (7th in this list); very hard (5th in this list); shrinkage, 10 per cent.; warps badly; not very durable under exposure; hard to work, very tough; hard to split, very difficult to nail. COMMON USES: Agricultural implements, handles, wheel spokes. REMARKS: American hickory is famous both for buggies and ax handles, because it is flexible and very tough in resistance to blows. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 33 PIGNUT. Nuts eaten by swine. _Hicoria glabra_ (Miller) Britton. _Carya porcina._ _Hicoria_ is shortened and latinized from _Pawcohicora_, the Indian name for the liquor obtained from the kernel; _glabra_ refers to smooth bark; _Carya_ the Greek name for walnut; _porcina_ means pertaining to hogs. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in lower Ohio valley. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 80'-100'; diameter 2'-4'; trunk often forked; bark, light gray, shallow fissures, rather smooth, rarely exfoliates; leaves, 8"-12" long, compound 7 leaflets, sharply serrate; fruit, a thick-shelled nut, bitter kernel. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light or dark brown, the thick sap-wood lighter, often nearly white; ring-porous; rings marked by many large open ducts; grain, straight; rays, small and insignificant. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Very heavy (4th in this list); 56 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr., 0.8217; very strong (15th in this list); elastic (27th in this list); very hard (2d in this list); shrinkage, 10 per cent.; warps ..........; hard to work; splits with difficulty, hard to drive nails into. COMMON USES: Agricultural implements, wheels, runners, tool handles. REMARKS: Wood not distinguished from shellbark hickory in commerce. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.]