The bench planes [instructed Nicholson] are, the jack plane, the
fore plane, the trying plane, the long plane, the jointer, and the
smoothing plane; the cylindric plane, the compass and forkstaff
planes; the straight block, for straightening short edges. Rebating
planes are the moving fillister, the sash fillister, the common
rebating plane, the side rebating plane. Grooving planes are the
plough and dado grooving planes. Moulding planes are sinking
snipebills, side snipebills, beads, hollows and rounds, ovolos and
ogees. Boring tools are: gimlets, bradawls, stock, and bits.
Instruments for dividing the wood, are principally the ripping saw,
the half ripper, the hand saw, the panel saw, the tenon saw, the
carcase saw, the sash saw, the compass saw, the keyhole saw, and
turning saw. Tools used for forming the angles of two adjoining
surfaces, are squares and bevels. Tools used for drawing parallel
lines are gauges. Edge tools are the firmer chisel, the mortise
chisel, the socket chisel, the gouge, the hatchet, the adze, the
drawing knife. Tools for knocking upon wood and iron are, the
mallet and hammer. Implements for sharpening tools are the grinding
stone, the rub stone, and the oil or whet stone.[5]
Reflecting what the text writers listed, toolmakers by the end of the
18th century gave buyers a wide choice. The catalogue of Sheffield's
Castle Hill Works offered 20 combinations of ready-stocked tool chests;
the simplest contained 12 carpenter's tools and the most complex, 39,
plus, if desired, an additional assortment of gardening implements (fig.
11). In 1857, the Arrowmammett Works of Middletown, Connecticut,
producers of bench and molding planes, published an illustrated
catalogue that offered 34 distinct types that included everything from
hollows and rounds to double jointers and hand-rail planes (fig.
12).[6]
[Illustration: Figure 6.--1774: ANDRE ROUBO'S _L'Art du menuisier_
contains detailed plates and descriptions of the most specialized of
woodworking planes: those used to cut panel moldings. The conformation
of these tools was still distinctly in keeping with the Moxon type and
suggests that, at least in Europe, no remarkable change had yet occurred
in the shape of planes. (Andre-Jacob Roubo, _L'Art du menuisier_:
Troisieme partie, troisieme section, l'art du menuisier ebeniste [Paris,
1774]. Smithsonian photo 49790-D.)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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