_Fell (Sarah)_, _Household Accounts_, p. 339, 1676. Footnote 81: _Ibid._, p. 386, 1677. Arithmetic was not considered a necessary item in the education of girls, though as the following incident shows, women habitually acted in financial matters. Samuel Bownas had been sent to gaol for tithe, but the Parson could not rest and let him out, when he went to Bristol on business and spent two weeks visiting meetings in Wiltshire. After his return, while away from home a distant relation called and asked his wife to lend him ten pounds as he was going to a fair. She not thinking of tithe which was much more, lent it and he gave her a note, which action was approved by her husband on his return; but the relation returned again in Samuel Bownas’s absence to repay, and tore the note as soon as he received it, giving her a quittance for the tithe instead. She was indignant, saying it would destroy her husband’s confidence in her. The relation assured her that he would declare her innocence, but he could not have persuaded her husband, for “he would have started so many questions that I could not possibly have affected it any other way than by ploughing with his heifer.”[82] Footnote 82: _Bownas (Samuel)_, _Life_, pp. 116-17. Women’s names frequently occur in presentments at Quarter Sessions for infringements of bye-laws. The Salford Portmote “p’sent Isabell the wyef of Edmunde Howorthe for that she kept her swyne unlawfull, and did trespas to the corn of the said Raphe Byrom.”[83] Footnote 83: _Salford Portmote Records_, Vol. I, p. 3, 1597. Katharine Davie was presented “for not paving before her doore.” Mrs. Elizabeth Parkhurst for “layinge a dunghill anenst her barne and not makinge the street cleane.” Isabell Dawson and Edmund Cowper for the like and Mrs. Byrom and some men “for letting swyne go unringed and trespassinge into his neighbors corne & rescowinge them when they have beene sent to the fould.”[84] “Charles Gregorie’s wife complained that shee is distrained for 3s. for an amerciament for hoggs goeing in the Streete whereupon, upon her tendring of 3s. xijd is restored with her flaggon.”[85] The owner of the pig appears very often to be a married woman. At Carlisle in 1619: “We amarye the wief of John Barwicke for keping of swine troughes in the hye streyt contrary the paine and therefore in amercyment according to the orders of this cyttie, xiiid.”[86] Footnote 84: _Salford Portmote Records_, Vol. II., pp. 6-7, 1633. Footnote 85: Guilding, _Reading Records_, Vol. IV., p. 512, 1653. Footnote 86: Ferguson, _Municipal Records of Carlisle_, p. 278. Such women may often not have been farmers in the full sense of the word, but merely kept a few pigs to supplement the family income. Even the gentry were not too proud to sell farm and garden produce not needed for family consumption, and are alluded to as “... our Country Squires, who sell Calves and Runts, and their Wives perhaps Cheese and Apples.”[87] Footnote 87: