[61] _Des Papstes und der Cardinale Gesinde_, i. e., all those who were counted members of the "family" or "household" (called _Dienstverwandte_ in the Gravamina of 1521) of the pope or of any of the cardinals. The term included those who were in immediate attendance upon the pope or the cardinals, and all those to whom, by virtue of any special connection with the curia, the name "papal servant" could be made to apply. These are the "courtesans" to whom Luther afterwards refers. [62] In 1513 Albrecht of Brandenburg was made Archbishop of Magdeburg and later in the same year Administrator of Halberstadt; in 1514 he became Archbishop of Mainz as well. In 1518 he was made cardinal. [63] This rule, like the others mentioned above, is contained in the Concordat of Vienna. [64] Cf. The _Gravamina_ of 1521, No. 20, _Von anfechtung der cordissanen_ (see above, p. 88, note 3), where the name _cordissei_ is applied to the practice of attacking titles to benefices. (Wrede, _op. cit._, II, pp. 677 f.) [65] The _pallium_ is a woolen shoulder-cape which is the emblem of the archbishop's office, and which must be secured from Rome. The bestowal of the _pallium_ by the pope is a very ancient custom. Gregory I (590-604) mentions it as _prisca consuetudo_ (_Dist._, C.c. 3). The canon law prescribes (_Dist. C. c. I_) that the archbishop-elect must secure the _pallium_ from Rome within three months of his election; otherwise he is forbidden to discharge any of the duties of his office. It is regarded as the necessary complement of his election and consecration, conferring the "plenitude of the pontifical office," and the name of archbishop. Luther's charge that it had to be purchased "with a great sum of money" is substantiated by similar complaints from the XII Century on, though the language of the canon law makes it evident that Luther's other contention is also correct, viz., that the _pallium_ was originally bestowed gratis. The sum required from the different archbishops varied with the wealth of their sees, and was a fixed sum in each case. The _Gravamina_ of 1521 complain that the price has been raised: "Although according to ancient ordinance the bishoprics of Mainz, Cologne, Salzburg, etc., were bound to pay or the _pallium_ about 10,000 gulden and no more, they can now scarcely get a _pallium_ from Rome for 20 or 24 thousand gulden." (Wrede, _op. cit._, II, 675.) [66] The oath of allegiance to the pope was required before the pallium could be bestowed (_Dist. C, c._ I). The canon law describes this oath as one "of allegiance, obedience and unity" (X, I, 6, c. 4). [67] See above, p. 86, note 2. [68] cf. Luther to Spalatin, June 25, 1520 (Enders, II, 424; Smith, No. 271). [69] i. e., The benefices are treated as though they were vacant.