This eBook was produced by Anne Soulard, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team [Illustration: JOSEPHINE] World's Best Histories: FRANCE BY M. GUIZOT AND MADAME GUIZOT DE WITT IN EIGHT VOLUMES VOLUME SEVEN HISTORY OF FRANCE VOLUME SEVEN TABLE OF CONTENTS--VOL. VII. CHAPTER VII. The Consulate (1799-1804) CHAPTER VIII. Glory and Success (1804-1805) CHAPTER IX. Glory and Conquest (1805-1808) CHAPTER X. The Home Government (1804-1808) CHAPTER XI. Glory and Illusions. Spain and Austria CHAPTER XII. The Divorce (1809-1810) CHAPTER XIII. Glory and Madness. The Russian Campaign (1811-1812) THE HISTORY OF FRANCE CHAPTER VII. THE CONSULATE (1799-1804). For more than ten years, amid unheard of shocks and sufferings, France had been seeking for a free and regular government, that might assure to her the new rights which had only been gained through tribulation. She had overthrown the Monarchy and attempted a Republic; she had accepted and rejected three constitutions, all the while struggling single-handed with Europe, leagued against her. She had undergone the violence of the Reign of Terror, the contradictory passions of the Assemblies, and the incoherent feebleness of the Directory. For the first time since the death of King Louis XIV., her history finds once more a centre, and henceforth revolves round a single man. For fifteen years, victorious or vanquished, at the summit of glory, or in the depths of abasement, France and Europe, overmastered by an indomitable will and unbridled passion for power, were compelled to squander their blood and their treasure upon that page of universal history which General Bonaparte claims for his own, and which he has succeeded in covering with glory and crime. On the day following the 18th Brumaire, in the uncertainty of parties, in face of a constitution audaciously violated, and a government mainly provisional, the nation was more excited than apprehensive or disquieted. It had caught a glimpse of that natural power and that free ascendancy of genius to which men willingly abandon themselves, with a confidence which the most bitter deceptions have never been able to extinguish. Ardent and sincere republicans, less and less numerous, felt themselves conquered beforehand, by a sure instinct that was not misled by the protest of their adversaries. They bent before a new power, to which their old hatreds did not attach, which they believed to be in some sort created by their own hands, and of which they had not yet measured the audacity. The mass of the population, the true France, hailed with joy the hope of order and of a regular and strong administration. They were not prejudiced in favor of the philosophic constitution so long propounded by Sieyès. In the eyes of the nation, the government was already concentrated in the hands of General Bonaparte; it was in him that all were trusting, for repose at home and glory and peace abroad.