Y Gododin: A Poem of the Battle of CattraethAneirin
History
Y Gododin: A Poem of the Battle of Cattraeth
Aneirin
Cattraeth, Battle of, Catterick, England, ca. 600 -- Poetry
The details of this bloody encounter, as we gather them from the Poem,
were as follow: At the call of Mynyddawg, lord of Eiddin, whose dominions
lay peculiarly exposed, both by sea and land, to the attack of the enemy,
the native chieftains of Prydyn, aided by many of their relatives and
friends from Gwynedd and Cernyw, entered into a mutual alliance in behalf
of their common country. {6a} In one place the daughter of Eudav {6b} is
joined with Mynyddawg, as one upon whose errand the expedition was
undertaken, but whether she was his wife, or ruled over a territory
adjacent to, or equally threatened with his own, does not appear. The
troops under their respective leaders arrived at Eiddin, where they were
sumptuously entertained by Mynyddawg, {6c} and where they established
their head quarters. The generals named in the Poem amount in number to
about ninety, but this was not the third part of the whole, which
consisted of “three hundred and sixty three chieftains wearing the golden
torques.” {6d} The aggregate number of men that followed these
illustrious leaders is not told, but if an average may be formed from
what we know respecting a few cases, it will appear to have been immense.
Mynyddawg’s retinue consisted of “three hundred;” {6e} there were “five
battalions of five hundred men each,” “three levies of three hundred
each;” “three bold knights” had each “three hundred of equal quality;”
{6f} thus averaging about four hundred for each commander, which,
multiplied by three hundred and sixty three, would exhibit an
overwhelming army of a hundred and forty five thousand, and two hundred
men! Yet the Poet describes the numerical advantages possessed by the
enemy as greatly superior.
These forces, being all placed on the western side of the dyke, would
approach the land of their enemies as they marched to the field of
battle, hence the reason why Aneurin uses the expressions “Gwyr a aeth
Gattraeth,” and “Gwyr a aeth Gododin,” as synonymous.
The enemies, as before observed, were the Saxons, aided on this occasion
by many of the Lloegrians, namely, such of the natives as had submitted
to their sway in the provinces they had already conquered. They
concentrated their forces in Gododin, and marched westward in the
direction of the great fence, where the Britons were awaiting them.
Aneurin has not thought fit to record the names of any of their generals,
with the single exception of Dyvnwal Vrych, {7a} who, to entitle him to
that distinction, must have figured prominently on the field of battle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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