May God--said my Grandmother--open the eyes of all who accuse us falsely, that they may see how useless it is to trump up against us things that never were seen or heard. Jews will be Jews while the world lasts, and they will become, through suffering, better Jews with more Jewish hearts. GLOSSARY AND NOTES [Abbreviations: Dimin. = diminutive; Ger. = German, corrupt German, and Yiddish; Heb. = Hebrew, and Aramaic; pl. = plural; Russ. = Russian; Slav. = Slavic; trl. = translation. Pronunciation: The transliteration of the Hebrew words attempts to reproduce the colloquial "German" (Ashkenazic) pronunciation. _Ch_ is pronounced as in the German _Dach_.] ADDITIONAL SERVICE. _See_ EIGHTEEN BENEDICTIONS. AL-CHET (Heb.). "For the sin"; the first two words of each line of an Atonement Day prayer, at every mention of which the worshipper beats the left side of his breast with his right fist. ALEF-BES (Heb.). The Hebrew alphabet. ASHRE (Heb.). The first word of a Psalm verse used repeatedly in the liturgy. AeUS KLEMENKE! (Ger.). Klemenke is done for! AZOI (= Ger. also). That's the way it is! BADCHEN (Heb.). A wedding minstrel, whose quips often convey a moral lesson to the bridal couple, each of whom he addresses separately. BAR-MITZVEH (Heb.). A boy of thirteen, the age of religious majority. BAS-KOL (Heb.). "The Daughter of the Voice"; an echo; a voice from Heaven. BEIGEL (Ger.). Ring-shaped roll. BES HA-MIDRASH (Heb.). House-of-study, used for prayers, too. BITTUL-TORAH (Heb.). Interference with religious study. BOBBE (Slav.). Grandmother; midwife. BORSHTSH (Russ.). Sour soup made of beet-root. CANTONIST (Ger.). Jewish soldier under Czar Nicholas I, torn from his parents as a child, and forcibly estranged from Judaism. CHALLEH (Heb.). Loaves of bread prepared for the Sabbath, over which the blessing is said; always made of wheat flour, and sometimes yellowed with saffron. CHARIF (Heb.). A Talmudic scholar and dialectician. CHASSIDIM (sing. Chossid) (Heb.). "Pious ones"; followers of Israel Baal Shem, who opposed the sophisticated intellectualism of the Talmudists, and laid stress on emotionalism in prayer and in the performance of other religious ceremonies. The Chassidic leader is called Tzaddik ("righteous one"), or Rebbe. _See_ art. "Hasidim," in the Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. vi. CHAYYE ODOM. A manual of religious practice used extensively by the common people. CHEDER (pl. Chedorim) (Heb.). Jewish primary school. CHILLUL HA-SHEM (Heb.). "Desecration of the Holy Name"; hence, scandal. CHIRIK (Heb.). Name of the vowel "i"; in Volhynia "u" is pronounced like "i." DAVVENING. Saying prayers. DAYAN (pl. Dayonim) (Heb.). Authority on Jewish religious law, usually assistant to the Rabbi of a town. DIN TORAH (Heb.). Lawsuit. DREIER, DREIERLECH (Ger.). A small coin.