Meanwhile, in the French fleet, De Grasse ordered all hands to prepare
for action. The tide was right by noon, and, even though 90 officers and
1,800 men were not aboard, his ships got under way and moved out into
the Atlantic to allow more room for maneuver. De Grasse commanded from
his flagship, the _Ville de Paris_, a 110-gun ship, and deployed his
fleet in three sections, commanded respectively by Le Sieur de
Bougainville, De Latouche-Treville, and Le Sieur de Monteil. Action
began about 4 o’clock in the afternoon and continued for 2½ hours, when
darkness necessitated a cease-fire order. A French account of the battle
related that:
At four o’clock the van, commanded by M. de Bougainville, began the
action with a very brisk fire and successively the ships of the line
of battle took part. Only the eight leading ships of the English line
took any great part in the fight. The combat was violent here. For the
most part the center of their fleet and their rear held themselves at
half a cannon shot without inclining to engage. The wind failed the
nine last vessels of our line entirely.... At five o’clock the winds
having continued to vary up to four points placed again the French van
too much to windward. Count de Grasse desired ardently that the action
be general, and in order to have the enemy at command there he ordered
his van to bear down a second time. That of Admiral Graves was very
abused, and that admiral profited by the advantage of the wind which
rendered him master of distance, in order to avoid being attacked by
the French rear-division which was making every effort to reach him
and his center. Sunset ended this battle.... The first fifteen ships
in the French line were the only ones to participate in the battle....
It was later learned that the “ship London commanded by Admiral Graves
had been so well raked by the Ville de Paris that they [the English] had
been obliged to change all its masts.”
In the action, 24 French ships of the line, carrying approximately 1,700
guns and 19,000 seamen, were opposed by 19 British ships of the line,
having about 1,400 guns and 13,000 seamen. Casualties for the British
were 90 killed and 246 wounded. The French counted about 200 in killed
and wounded. Several English ships were damaged, and one, the
_Terrible_, had to be sunk several days after the engagement.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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