Among the tens of thousands of India’s educated men, and men of natural capacity for leadership, there is no lack of material to fill, and fill well as soon as they are given experience, every kind of official position. Many of the highest judgeships are now filled with great efficiency by Indians. In no department of the Government where Indians have been adequately tried have they been found wanting. The truth is, not one single fact can be cited to show that India cannot govern herself well if given a chance. It would not be difficult to form an Indian Parliament today, composed of men as able and of as high character as those that constitute the fine Parliament of Japan. India has public men who, if they lived in England and belonged to the English race, would unhesitatingly be adjudged not only of Parliamentary but of Cabinet rank. For twenty years before his recent lamented death Mr. Gokhale was confessedly the equal in intellectual ability and in moral worth of any Englishman in India, not excepting the three Viceroys under whom he served. It is no exaggeration to declare that Mr. Justice Renade had qualifications fully fitting him for the position of Viceroy, or if he had lived in England, fitting him for the position of Premier. This is only another way of saying that among the leaders of the various States and Provinces of India there is abundant material to form National and Provincial Governments little, if at all, inferior in ability and in moral character to the Governments of the Western world. J. T. SUNDERLAND. New York, June, 1916. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Foreword, by J. T. Sunderland vii Preface to the Second Edition xxvii Introduction 1 I. THE GENERAL VIEWPOINT OF THE INDIAN NATIONALIST 67 First Invasion of India 68 Chandra Gupta and Asoka 69 India Practically Independent Up to the Twelfth Century 70 Muslim Rule 71 Muslim Rule in India not Foreign 73 India Under the British 76 Political Disqualification of the Indians 78 Indians May not Carry Arms 80 Loyalty of Ruling Chiefs 90 Middle Class Desires Political Freedom 92 II. INDIA FROM 1757 TO 1857 95 Conflict of French and English in India 96 How British Rule in India Was Established 96