‘What Booken (Bukini) means I do not know.’ Wake on the Madecasses. Journal, Anthrop. Soc. No. 28, xxxi., Dr Krapf (Kisuáheli Grammar, p. 106) uses Bukini as Madagascar generally. Footnote 32: Captain Guillain (vol. i. 121—139, et passim) contends, and with much show of reason, that the Periplus was written after the days of Ptolemy (A.D. 139 and A.D. 161). ‘Tant de lacunes dans l’œuvre du grand géographe grec, ne semblent-elles pas assigner à son travail une place toute naturelle entre les écrits de Marin de Tyr et le Périple?’ Footnote 33: The daily run (مَجرا) native craft varies from 40 to 50 knots per diem, and 50 may be assumed as an average. Captain Guillain estimates it higher, from 48 to 60. Abulfeda gives the Majrá or δρόμος νυχθημέρος, 100 Hashemi miles = 170 of our geographical miles, here too high a rate unless aided by currents. Other Arab authors propose 100,000 paces = 100 Roman or Arab miles = 80 geographical miles. The pilot Theophilus (Ptol. i. 9) rated the day and night run in these seas at 1000 stadia = 100 miles, or two Ptolemeian degrees; the Pelusian geographer having, I have said, reduced the degree to 500 instead of 600 stadia. Footnote 34: See Part II. chap. 11. Footnote 35: Dr Ruschenberger, I know not on what authority, says that the island is undulated and _crossed_ by three principal ridges, whose most elevated points are 500 feet high. My information, derived from hearsay, however, not from actual inspection, assures me that the waves of ground are disposed north and south. Footnote 36: The Bahr el Kharab, or Bad Sea, the mountains El Mulattam (the lashed or beaten), El Nidameh (of repentance), and El Ajrad (the noisy); the Mountains of Magnet, and the ‘Blind Billows’ and ‘Enchanted Breakers’ which, says El Masudi, make the Omani sailor of the tribe of Azd sing— ‘O Berberah and Jafuni (Ra’as Hafun), and thy warlock waves! Jafuni and Berberah and their waves are these which thou seest!’ Footnote 37: At Latham’s Isle was found guano, which Captain Cogan, I.N., obtained permission to export. In 1847, however, it was washed away by a ‘Ras de Marée.’ Footnote 38: The temperature of the island as observed by French travellers is— Max. (April 6 A.M. 2 morn.) 89° (F.)—Colonel 88° (F. in shade) Sykes— Min. (October, midnight and 6 A.M.) 73° ditto 73° Mean temperature of the year 79° 15 ditto 79·90 (extreme range 18°-19°) The following are the results of the evaporating dish:— Total of month Greatest in one Least in one day of month. day. inches. inches. inches. January, 1857 2·36 0·09 0·04 February ” 2·19 0·10 0·05 March ” 2·49 0·09 0·06