Zanzibar; city, island, and coast. Vol. 1 (of 2)Burton, Richard Francis, Sir
History
Zanzibar; city, island, and coast. Vol. 1 (of 2)
Burton, Richard Francis, Sir
Africa, East -- Description and travel; Ethnology -- Tanzania -- Zanzibar; Zanzibar -- Description and travel
The Ya’rubah considered themselves to be of the Arab el Aribah
(Joctanites), through their ancestor Yarub el Azud (يعرب الازد) bin
Faligh (Peleg, the brother of Kahtán or Joctan), bin Abir (Eber), bin
Salih, bin Arfakhshad, bin Sham (Shem), and to the present day their
descendants boast of this ancient lineage. Malik bin Fakhm routed 40,000
horsemen supported by elephants, slew Mirzban (the Marz-ban or warden of
the Marches) the Satrap-lieutenant of the King of Kings, whose head-
quarters were at Sohar, and conquered the country from Sharjah to the
Ra’as el Hadd (Rasalgat), the eastern Land’s-end of the Arabian shore.
Reinforced by fresh drafts of the Benu Yemin, he showed his gratitude by
incorporating them with his own tribe. The word Hináwi, meaning a
patrician or ‘one having a founder,’ arose from Malik bin Fakhm,
proposing himself as the Hanu (هنو) or originator of the emigrants:
certain Arabs derive it from Hiná, a fanciful ancestor, and even call
themselves Benu Hiná. According to some authorities, Oman took its name
from a place in the neighbourhood of the dyke of Mareb; others derive it
from a valley which, like the Wady el Arab, gave its name to the whole
country; the Arab geographers make it the ancient term for Sohar, and
the classical geographer holds that the Ommanum Emporium of Ptolemy was
applied to Maskat.
When Malik bin Fakhm had been slain by his son Selima, and another son,
Zayd, ruled Oman in his stead, a thousand of the Benu Nezar came to him
from the town of Ubar, and were settled upon a tract of low open ground
(غفير), whence they took the name of Gháfiri. These immigrants were Arab
el Musta’arabah, which, in Omanic usage, denotes the insititious or
Ismailitic clans derived from Adnan, son of Ishmael; and the gift of
land had made them clients of Zayd and of his tribe, the Hináwi.
Intermarriage, however, soon amalgamated the races. When El Islam
brought the sword to mankind, and when the rival prophet Musaylimah,
generally known as the Liar, paved the way for the Karmati (Carmathians)
and for a copious crop of heresies, the Gháfiri, cleaving to the faith
of Meccah, were preferred by the Caliph Abubekr to their former patrons,
for the chieftainship of Oman. In his turn, the Caliph Ali restored
precedence to the Hináwi who had espoused his cause. Hence an inveterate
feud, a flame of wrath, which rivers of blood have not quenched.
Throughout Oman the rival tribes still occupy separate quarters; they
will not connect themselves by marriage, and they seldom meet without a
‘faction fight.’ Even at Zanzibar, where the climate has softened them,
they rarely preserve that decency of hate which is due by Arabs of noble
strain to hereditary and natural enemies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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