Gozan: five most important Zen monasteries, or "Five Mountains," which in Kyoto were Tenryu-ji, Shokoku-ji, Tofuku-ji, Kennin-ji, and Manju- ji. _haboku_: "broken ink" style of monochrome painting. _haikai_: Early name for poetic form now known as Haiku. _Haiku_: verse form consisting of seventeen syllables. Hakuin (1685-1768): Zen teacher of Tokugawa period who revived Rinzai sect. _haniwa_: clay sculpture of the pre-Buddhist period. _harakiri_: ritual suicide, more politely known as seppuku. Heian: Period of indigenous aristocratic culture. _hibachi_: small brazier heater in the traditional Japanese house. Hideyori (1593-1615): son of Hideyoshi, committed suicide when defeated by Tokugawa Ievasu. Hideyoshi (1536-1598): general who assumed control of Japan after Oda Nobunaga was murdered and who inspired Momoyama age of Japanese art. Hinayana: more traditional form of Japanese Buddhism, which is practiced in Southeast Asia. _hinoki_: Japanese cypress. Hojo: regents who dominated the Kamakura period of Japanese history _hokku_: first three lines of a renga, or linked verse, which later came to be written alone as a Haiku. Honen (1133-1212): founder of the Jodo or Pure Land sect (1175) Hosokawa: clan which served as advisers and regents for the Ashikaga. Hsia Kuei (active ca. 1180-1230): Southern Sung Chinese painter whose stvle strongly influenced later Zen artists in Japan. Hui-k'o (487-593): Second Patriarch of Chinese Ch'an, said to have cut off his arm to attract Bodhidharma's notice. Hui-neng (638-713): Sixth Patriarch of Ch'an and founder of the Southern school of Ch'an which was transmitted to Japan. Hung-jen (605-675): Fifth Patriarch of Ch'an and teacher of Hui-neng. Ievasu (1542-1616): founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from 1615 to 1868. Ikebana: Japanese flower arranging. Jodo: sect of Japanese Buddhism based on chant praising Amida Buddha which was founded in 1175. Jodo Shin: rival sect of Japanese Buddhism also based on chant praising Amida which was founded in 1224. Jomon: prehistoric culture in Japan. Josetsu (active 1400-1413): leading artist in Japanese Sung revival. _kaiseki_: special cuisine associated with the tea ceremony. Kamakura: effective capital of Japan during period of warrior domination (1185-1333). kami: Shinto spirits inhabiting the natural world. Kamikaze: "Divine Wind" that sank the Mongol fleet attacking Japan in 1281. _kamoi_: crossbeams in the traditional Japanese house. Kano: family of painters dominating much of Japanese painting since the sixteenth century, replacing Zen artists as the official stylists. _kare sansui_: stone gardens in "dry landscape" style. Kinkaku-ji: "Golden Pavilion" built by Yoshimitsu in 1394. _koan_: illogical conundrums used in Rinzai Zen to induce enlightenment. _koicha_: powdered green tea used in the tea ceremony. Kokinshu: anthology of Japanese poems from the year 905.