Saiho-ji: temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen landscape garden. Sakyamuni: the Buddha, "sage of the Sakyas." _samurai_: Japanese warriors, who were the first converts to Zen. Sanskrit: original language of much Buddhist literature. _sarugaku_: theatrical form which was forerunner of the No. _sashimi_: raw fish. _satori_: Zen term for enlightenment. Sen no Rikyu (1521-1591): proponent of wabi aesthetics who strongly influenced the evolution of the tea ceremony. _seppuku_: ritual suicide. Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506): greatest Japanese Zen painter. Seto: site of Japanese pottery production. Shao-lin: Chinese monastery where Bodhidharma reportedly first went to meditate. Shen-hsiu (606-706): traditionally said to have been rival of Hui- neng at monastery of Fifth Patriarch and later much favored by Chinese ruling circles. _shibui_: important tenn for later Zen aesthetics which means understated, simple good taste. shin: type of ink-painting technique. _shincha_: type of tea. _shinden_: Heian architectural stvle borrowed from China. Shingon: esoteric sect of Buddhism introduced into Japan by Kukai in 808. Shino: style of Japanese Zen-inspired ceramics. Shinran (1173-1262): founder of the Jodo Shin sect in Japan (1224). Shinto: original Japanese belief svstem, which preceded Buddhism. _shite_: leading character of a No drama. _shoin_: name of the writing desk in Ch'an monasteries, which gave its name to the classic style of the Zen-inspired Japanese house. _shoji_: Rice-paper-covered latticework used as windows in the traditional Japanese house. Shubun (fl. 1414-d. ca. 1463): painter-monk at Shokoku-ji in Kyoto. Siddharta: the Buddha, so: technique of Japanese ink painting. So'ami (1472-1525): Japanese ink painter and garden artist. Sotan (1414-1481): Zen painter at Shokoku-ji, none of whose works are definitely known to survive. Soto: Japanese Zen sect emphasizing "gradual" enlightenment through _zazen_. sukiya: later style of Japanese architecture which evolved from the shoin. sumi: Japanese black ink. _sutra_: works supposedly reporting discourses of the Buddha or his disciples. Taira: warrior clan instrumental in ousting Heian aristocracy and ending Heian era. Takauji (1305-1358): founder of the Ashikaga shogunate. Taoism: native Chinese belief system which influenced Ch'an philosophy. Tatami: woven straw mats used for carpeting in the traditional Japanese house. Tendai: sect of Chinese Buddhism introduced into Japan by Saicho (806). Tenryu-ji: important Zen temple in Kyoto and site of early Zen- stvle landscape garden. toko-bashira: decorative, unpainted tree trunk used in traditional house as part of art alcove. tokonoma: special art alcove in the Japanese house, which was originally derived from the shrine in Chinese monasteries. Tomi-ko: wife of Ashikaga Yoshimasa. Toshiro: thirteenth-century potter who visited China and brought back important Chinese ceramics technology.