Zoölogy: The Science of Animal Life: Popular Science Library, Volume XII (of 16), P. F. Collier & Son Company, 1922Ingersoll, Ernest
Science
Zoölogy: The Science of Animal Life: Popular Science Library, Volume XII (of 16), P. F. Collier & Son Company, 1922
Ingersoll, Ernest
Animals; Zoology
It is as an illustration of homology, that is, the resemblance between
parts that have the same relation to the typical plan of structure,
and as an example of how almost endless variations of form may arise
within a single type, that the echinoderms are of most interest.
Otherwise it may be said that they serve as food for fishes and some
other creatures, including coastwise savages, and as curiosities in
geological museums and in aquaria; and that starfishes are sadly
destructive of cultivated oyster beds. We may therefore dismiss them,
and devote a page or two to the worms.
EARTHWORMS AND BEACHWORMS
Although various parasitic creatures have been described as flat
"worms," round "worms," and so forth, naturalists regard as true worms
only those of higher organization classified in the phylum Annulata, or
annelids, the distinctive characteristic of which is that its members
have elongated bodies divided into ringlike sections. These represent
a division of the internal parts into a series of structural segments
or "matemeres," each supplied with its own set of organs, yet connected
by blood vessels and nerves, and the whole traversed by tubular organs
serviceable to the entire animal. The nervous system consists of a
"brain" in the head, and a double, ventral nerve-cord with a ganglion
in every segment, foreshadowing the nervous system in insects and other
arthropods. The phylum embraces three classes: 1. Chætopoda--earthworms
and marine annelids; 2. Gephyrea--marine worms, otherwise called
sipunculoids; and 3. Hirudinidæ--leeches.
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