Pantheon
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283 entries
These three are recorded for the Egyptian pantheon as a whole. The archive holds no separate culture, civilization or period for the individual entries below.
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Showing 109–216 of 283, alphabetically.
The Celestial Ferryman is the modern name of an Ancient Egyptian god. The god had multiple ancient names all with similar meanings, the two most common of which being Hraf-haf and Ma-haf which roughly translates to He whose face is behind him and He who sees behind him respectively.
A wind god is a god who controls the wind(s). Air deities may also be considered here as wind is nothing more than moving air. Many polytheistic religions have one or more wind gods.
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word hymn derives from Greek ὕμνος (hymnos), which means "a song of praise". A writer of hymns is known as a hymnist.
A hypocephalus is a small disk-shaped object generally made of stuccoed linen, but also of papyrus, bronze, gold, wood, or clay, which ancient Egyptians from the Late Period onwards placed under the heads of their dead. The circle was believed to magically protect the deceased and cause the head and body to be enveloped in light and warmth, making the deceased divine. It replaced the earlier cow-amulet.
Iabet is a goddess in Egyptian mythology, counterpart of Imentet.
Iah is a lunar deity in ancient Egyptian religion. The word jꜥḥ simply means "Moon". It is also transcribed as Yah, Jah, Aa, or Aah.
Iat is an ancient Egyptian minor goddess of milk and, by association, of nurturing and childbirth.
Igai was a lesser deity associated with the oases of Egypt's Western Desert, bearing the title “the Lord of the Oasis. ” Igai is portrayed in human form, with two was-sceptres that spell out his name on his head.
Ihy is a young god in Egypt usually portrayed with the sistrum. This is in allusion to his mother Hathor who was associated with the instrument. Ihy's symbols are the sistrum and a necklace.
The Ikhemu-sek were a group of ancient Egyptian minor deities who were the personifications of the northern constellations.
Imentet was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion representing the necropolises west of the Nile.
Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the King Djoser, possible architect of Djoser's step pyramid, and high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Very little is known of Imhotep as a historical figure, but in the 3,000 years following his death, he was gradually glorified and deified.
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world. It is held by some philosophical and metaphysical theories of divine presence. Immanence is usually applied in monotheistic, pantheistic, pandeistic, or panentheistic faiths to suggest that the spiritual world permeates the mundane.
The four sons of Horus were a group of four deities in ancient Egyptian religion who were believed to protect the dead in the afterlife. Beginning in the First Intermediate Period of Egyptian history, Imsety, Hapy, Duamutef, and Qebehsenuef were especially connected with the four canopic jars that housed the internal organs which were removed from the body of the deceased during the process of mummification. Most commonly, Imsety protected the liver, Hapy the lungs, Duamutef the stomach, and Qebehsenuef the intestines, but this pattern often varied.
Interpretatio graeca, or "interpretation by means of Greek [models]", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to identify foreign deities with their own gods. It is a discourse used to interpret or attempt to understand the mythology and religion of other cultures; a comparative methodology using ancient Greek religious concepts and practices, deities, and myths, equivalencies, and shared characteristics.
Ipy is an ancient Egyptian goddess of fertility. She is also known as Opet. At Karnak she is called Ipet, and in the Demotic Magical Papyrus, she is called Apet, the mother of fire.
Irer was an ancient Egyptian god who, along with Sedjem, join Hu and Sia as creative powers of the gods. Irer, which translates as "sight," first appears as a scribe, alongside Sedjem, for Thoth and Seshat in the temples of Seti I and Ramesses II at Abydos.
Inanna is the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of war, love, and sex. She is also associated with political power, divine law, sensuality, and procreation. Originally worshipped in Sumer, she was known by the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians as Ishtar.
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her slain brother and husband, the divine king Osiris, and produces and protects his heir, Horus. She was believed to help the dead enter the afterlife as she had helped Osiris, and she was considered the divine mother of the pharaoh, who was likened to Horus.
Iunit was a minor goddess in ancient Egyptian religion, whose name means "She of Armant". She is the consort of Montu.
Iunmutef, also known as Horus-Iunmutef or Her-iunmutef, was an ancient Egyptian deity and an aspect of the god Horus. His role as the loving son who cares for his deceased father, Iunmutef's primary function was to support the divine ruler and maintain Maat.
Iusaaset, Iusaas, or, in Greek, Saosis, is a primordial goddess in Ancient Egyptian religion, a feminine counterpart to the male creator deity Atum. Iusaaset was depicted as a woman with a scarab beetle on her head. She was worshipped in the city of I͗wnw or Iunu, Greek Heliopolis, as was Atum.
Izi was a local governor of the Wetjes-Hor nome in the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom, around 2400 BC. He is mainly known from his mastaba at Edfu. In the late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period he was worshipped as local god.
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Jupiter, also known as Jove, is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods. Jupiter was the chief deity of Roman state religion throughout the Republican and Imperial eras, until Christianity became the dominant religion of the Empire. In Roman mythology, he negotiates with Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, to establish principles of Roman religion such as offering, or sacrifice.
Amun was a major ancient Egyptian deity who appears as a member of the Hermopolitan Ogdoad. Amun was attested from the Old Kingdom together with his wife Amunet. His oracle in Siwa Oasis, located in Western Egypt near the Libyan Desert, remained the only oracle of Amun throughout.
In Egyptian mythology, Kebechet is a goddess, a deification of embalming liquid. Her name means cooling water.
In Egyptian mythology, Khensit, which means "placenta", was the patron goddess of the twentieth nome of Lower Egypt. Khensit was the wife of Sopdu and the daughter of Ra, and was depicted as an uraeus. Khensit and Sopdu were sometimes known as the divine pair of Saft el-Hinna.
Khonsu is an ancient Egyptian god of the Moon. His name means 'traveller', and this may relate to the perceived nightly travel of the Moon across the sky. Along with Thoth, he marked the passage of time and is associated with baboons.
Khenti-Amentiu, also Khentiamentiu, Khenti-Amenti, Kenti-Amentiu and many other spellings, is an ancient Egyptian deity whose name was also used as a title for Osiris and Anubis. The name means "Foremost of the Westerners" or "Chief of the Westerners", where "Westerners" refers to the dead.
In Egyptian mythology, Khenti-kheti, was a crocodile-god, though he was later represented as a falcon-god. His name means "foremost retreater".
Khepri is a scarab-faced god in ancient Egyptian religion who represents the rising or morning sun. By extension, he can also represent creation and the renewal of life.
Khereduankh is a goddess who is credited as being the mother of Imhotep in Late Period and Ptolemaic Period Ancient Egyptian texts. There are no texts from the Old Kingdom that mention any woman named Khereduankh so it is likely she was fictional.
Kherty is an ancient Egyptian deity. Despite being archaeologically attested since the early 2nd Dynasty, his original mythological role during this era is unclear. Kherty was an Egyptian god of the Duat.
Khnum, also romanised Khnemu, was one of the earliest-known Egyptian deities in Upper Egypt, originally associated with the Nile cataract. He held the responsibility of regulating the annual inundation of the river, emanating from the caverns of Hapi, the deity embodying the flood. Since the annual flooding of the Nile brought with it silt and clay, and its water brought life to its surroundings, he eventually became known as the creator of human bodies and the life force kꜣ ("ka").
Khonsu is an ancient Egyptian god of the Moon. His name means 'traveller', and this may relate to the perceived nightly travel of the Moon across the sky. Along with Thoth, he marked the passage of time and is associated with baboons.
Kneph, also as Kmeph, is a god and motif of divinity in ancient Egyptian religious art, variously represented as a winged egg, a globe surrounded by one or more serpents, or Amun in the form of a serpent called Kematef. Some Theosophical sources tried to syncretize this motif with the deity Khnum, along with Agathos Daimon, Serapis and Pluto. Under the Greek theonym Chnuphis, this figure adopts a serpent-bodied, lion-headed ("leontoeidic") visage, being particularly common in magical artifacts in Late Antiquity.
Kolanthes or Kolanthes the Child is a child deity from the late period of ancient Egyptian religion. He has been documented since the second century BC in the circle of the deities of Akhmim in the ninth Upper Egyptian Nome (Egypt).
The Koptos colossi, or Coptos colossi, are a series of three monumental statues, now in the Ashmolean Museum and the Cairo Museum, discovered in an ancient temple of Min at Koptos, Egypt, by Flinders Petrie at the end of the 19th century, in 1894.
In ancient Egyptian religion, the land of Manu is where the sun god Ra sets every evening. It is mentioned in the Book of the Dead.
The leopard skin was a ritual garment in Ancient Egypt. It has been documented with certainty since the Early Dynastic period. The mythological roots go back to the pre-dynastic period.
The Litany of Re is an important ancient Egyptian funerary text of the New Kingdom. Like many funerary texts, it was written on the inside of the tomb for reference by the deceased. Unlike other funerary texts, however, it was reserved only for pharaohs or very favored nobility.
Maahes was an ancient Egyptian lion-headed god of war, whose name means "he who is true beside her". He was seen as the son of the Creator god Ptah, as well as the feline goddess whose nature he shared. Maahes was a deity associated with war, protection, and weather, as well as that of knives, lotuses, and devouring captives.
Maʽat or Maat is the ancient Egyptian concept of truth, balance, law, morality, and justice. Maat was also the goddess who personified this concept and regulated the stars, seasons, and the actions of mortals and the deities who had brought order from chaos at the moment of creation. Her ideological opposite was Isfet, meaning injustice, chaos, violence or to do evil.
Mafdet was a goddess in the ancient Egyptian religion. She was often depicted wearing a skin of a cheetah, and protected against the bite of snakes and scorpions. She was part of the pantheon of ancient Egyptian deities that was prominent during the First Dynasty of Egypt.
Mandulis was a god of ancient Nubia also worshipped in Egypt. The name Mandulis (Μανδουλις) is the Greek form of Merul or Melul, a non-Egyptian name. The centre of his cult was the Temple of Kalabsha at Talmis, but he also had a temple dedicated to him at Ajuala.
In Ancient Egyptian religion, Medjed, also known as Medjedu is a minor deity mentioned in certain copies of the Book of the Dead.
Medjed were a kind of elephantfish worshipped at Oxyrhynchus in ancient Egyptian religion.
In Egyptian mythology, the name Mehen, meaning 'coiled one', referred to a mythological snake-god and to a board game.
Mehet-Weret or Mehturt is an ancient Egyptian deity of the sky in ancient Egyptian religion. Her name means "Great Flood".
Mehit was an ancient Egyptian and Nubian lion goddess of Nubian origin.
In ancient Egyptian religion, a menat was a necklace closely associated with the goddess Hathor.
Menhit was originally a Nubian lion goddess of war in the Kingdom of Kush, who was regarded as a tutelary and sun goddess. Her name means either "she who sacrifices" or "she who massacres.
In Egyptian mythology, Meret was a goddess who was strongly associated with rejoicing, such as singing and dancing.
Meretseger was a Theban cobra-goddess in ancient Egyptian religion, in charge with guarding and protecting the vast Theban Necropolis — on the west bank of the Nile, in front of Thebes — and especially the heavily guarded Valley of the Kings. Her cult was typical of the New Kingdom of Egypt.
In ancient Egyptian mythology, Meskhenet, was the goddess of childbirth, and the creator of each child's Ka, a part of their soul, which she breathed into them at the moment of birth. She was worshipped from the earliest of times by Egyptians.
Min is an ancient Egyptian god whose cult originated in the predynastic period. He was represented in many different forms, but was most often represented in male human form, shown with an erect penis which he holds in his left hand and an upheld right arm holding a flail.
Mnevis is the Hellenized name of an ancient Egyptian bull god which had its centre of worship at Heliopolis, and was known to the ancient Egyptians as Mer-wer or Nem-wer.
Monolatry is the belief in the existence of many gods, but the insistence on the exclusive worship of only a single chosen deity. The term was possibly first used by Julius Wellhausen.
Montu was a falcon-god of war in the ancient Egyptian religion, an embodiment of the conquering vitality of the pharaoh. He was particularly worshipped in Upper Egypt and in the district of Thebes.
A mother goddess is a major goddess characterized as a mother or progenitor, either as an embodiment of motherhood and fertility or fulfilling the cosmological role of a creator- and/or destroyer-figure, typically associated with the Earth, sky, and/or the life-giving bounties thereof in a maternal relation with humanity or other gods. When equated in this lattermost function with the earth or the natural world, such goddesses are sometimes referred to as the Mother Earth or Earth Mother, deity in various animistic or pantheistic religions. The earth goddess is archetypally the wife or feminine counterpart of the Sky Father or Father Heaven, particularly in theologies derived from the Proto-Indo-European sphere.
Mut was a mother goddess worshipped in ancient Egypt. Her name means mother in the ancient Egyptian language. Mut had many different aspects and attributes that changed and evolved greatly over the thousands of years of ancient Egyptian culture.
The mysteries of Isis were religious initiation rites performed in the cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis in the Greco-Roman world. They were modeled on other mystery rites, particularly the Eleusinian mysteries in honor of the Greek goddesses Demeter and Persephone, and originated sometime between the third century BCE and the second century CE. Despite their mainly Hellenistic origins, the mysteries alluded to beliefs from ancient Egyptian religion, in which the worship of Isis arose, and may have incorporated aspects of Egyptian ritual.
The Mysteries of Osiris, also known as Osirism, were religious festivities celebrated in ancient Egypt to commemorate the murder and regeneration of Osiris. The course of the ceremonies is attested by various written sources, but the most important document is the Ritual of the Mysteries of Osiris in the Month of Khoiak, a compilation of Middle Kingdom texts engraved during the Ptolemaic period in an upper chapel of the Temple of Dendera. In Egyptian religion, the sacred and the secret are intimately linked.
Nebethetepet (nb. t-ḥtp. t) is an ancient Egyptian goddess.
Nebnerou also spelled Neb-nerou or Nebneru is an ancient Egyptian deity associated with guarding tombs and the afterlife. He takes the appearance of a lion or lioness-headed man with one arm outstretched and in the opposite hand he is holding a knife, showing his ferocious nature as a protector deity yet also being a sign of protection. He is usually depicted alongside Hery-maat.
Nebtuwi is an ancient Egyptian goddess personifying fertility, wife of Khnum. Her name translates as "the lady of the fields. " The cult centre of her was Latopolis.
In Egyptian mythology, Nefertem was a lotus flower at the creation of the world, who had arisen from the primal waters. Nefertem represented both the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower, having arisen from the primal waters within an Egyptian blue water-lily, Nymphaea caerulea. Some of the titles of Nefertem were "He Who is Beautiful" and "Water-Lily of the Sun", and a version of the Book of the Dead says:Rise like Nefertem from the blue water lily, to the nostrils of Ra, and come forth upon the horizon each day.
In Egyptian mythology, Nefertem was a lotus flower at the creation of the world, who had arisen from the primal waters. Nefertem represented both the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower, having arisen from the primal waters within an Egyptian blue water-lily, Nymphaea caerulea. Some of the titles of Nefertem were "He Who is Beautiful" and "Water-Lily of the Sun", and a version of the Book of the Dead says:Rise like Nefertem from the blue water lily, to the nostrils of Ra, and come forth upon the horizon each day.
Nehebkau was the primordial snake god in ancient Egyptian mythology. Although originally considered an evil spirit, he later functions as a funerary god associated with the afterlife. As one of the forty-two assessors of Ma'at, Nehebkau was believed to judge the deceased after death and provide their souls with ka – the part of the soul that distinguished the living from the dead.
Nehmetawy (nḥm. t-ˁw3ỉ; "she who embraces those in need") is a goddess in the ancient Egyptian religion. She is not very widely known.
Neith, also spelled Nit, Net, or Neit, was an ancient Egyptian goddess, possibly of Libyan origin. She was associated with warfare, symbolized by her emblem of crossed bows, and with motherhood, as texts refer to her as the mother of deities such as the sun god Ra and the crocodile god Sobek.
Nekhbet is an early predynastic local goddess in Egyptian mythology, who was the patron of the city of Nekheb. Ultimately, she became the patron of Upper Egypt and one of the two patron deities for all of Ancient Egypt when it was unified.
In Egyptian mythology, Nemty was a god whose worship centered at Antaeopolis in the northern part of Upper Egypt.
Nephthys or Nebet-Het in ancient Egyptian was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion. A member of the Great Ennead of Heliopolis in Egyptian mythology, she was a daughter of Nut and Geb. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as protectresses of the mummy, with her brother Osiris, and as the sister-wife of Set.
The Neshmet bark was a vessel belonging to the god Nun. The ancient Egyptian deity Osiris was transported in it on the river Nile during the Osiris festival at Abydos. The god's departure from his temple, journey to his tomb, and triumphant return were enacted and drew many spectators who participated in the public parts of the mysteries.
Nun or Nu, in ancient Egyptian religion, is the personification of the primordial watery abyss which existed at the time of creation and from which the creator sun god Ra arose.
Nut, also known by various other transcriptions, is the goddess of the sky, stars, cosmos, mothers, astronomy, and the universe in the ancient Egyptian religion.
In Egyptian mythology, the Ogdoad were eight primordial deities worshiped in Hermopolis.
Omnipresence or ubiquity is the attribute of being present anywhere and everywhere. The term omnipresence is most often used in a religious context as an attribute of a deity or supreme being, while the term ubiquity is generally used to describe something "existing or being everywhere at the same time, constantly encountered, widespread, common".
Omniscience is the property of possessing maximal knowledge. In Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Abrahamic religions, it is often attributed to a divine being or an all-knowing spirit, entity or person. In Jainism, omniscience is an attribute that any individual can eventually attain.
In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Onuris was a god of war who was worshipped in the Egyptian area of Abydos, and particularly in Thinis. Myths told that he had brought his wife, Mehit, who was his female counterpart, from Nubia, and his name reflects this—it means '(one who) leads back the distant one'.
An oracle is a person or thing considered to provide insight, wise counsel or prophetic predictions, most notably including precognition of the future, inspired by deities. If done through occultic means, it is a form of divination.
Osiris was the god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life, and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion. He was classically depicted with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive atef crown and holding a symbolic crook and flail. He was one of the first to be associated with the mummy wrap.
The Osiris myth is the most elaborate and influential story in ancient Egyptian mythology. It concerns the murder of the god Osiris, a primeval king of Egypt, and its consequences. Osiris's murderer, his brother Set, usurps his throne.
In Egyptian mythology, Pakhet, Egyptian Pḫ. t, meaning she who scratches is a lioness goddess of war.
Panebtawy is an Egyptian deity representing the Pharaoh as the son of Haroeris (Heru-ur). His name translates to “the lord of the two lands” representing the pharaoh as the legitimate ruler of all of Egypt. He is the divine son of Haroeris and Tasenetnofret in the Temple of Kom Ombo and he was depicted as a child with a hemhem crown.
Pantheism is a diverse family of philosophical and religious beliefs that equate reality with divinity. Pantheistic concepts date back thousands of years, and pantheistic elements have been identified in diverse religious traditions. Most notably, pantheism refers to the belief that the totality of being—called by various names such as Nature, the universe, the cosmos—is a self-organizing unity that needs no distinct, supernatural creator, and that pantheists can address it with the same sense of reverence and dulia as theists attribute to their gods.
A tutelary is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation. The etymology of tutelary expresses the concept of safety and thus of guardianship.
Perit is an underworld deity in Egyptian mythology. She is one of the twelve goddesses in the ninth sector of Duat.
In Egyptian mythology, Petbe was the god of revenge, worshipped in the area around Akhmim, in central Egypt. His name translates as Sky-Ba, roughly meaning "Soul of the Sky", or "Mood of the sky". However, Petbe may be a Chaldean deity introduced by immigrant workers from the Levant, with his name being a corruption of the hybrid phrase Pet-(Ba'al), meaning "Lord of the sky".
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one deity, a type of theism; it contrasts with monotheism, the belief in only one deity that is, in most cases, transcendent. The term was coined by Jewish writer Philo of Alexandria as a compound of the Greek words πολύ and θεός to argue with the Greeks, though was in modern times re-popularised by Jean Bodin in the 16th century and then by Samuel Purchas in 1614.
Ptah is an ancient Egyptian deity, a creator god, and a patron deity of craftsmen and architects. In the triad of Memphis, he is the husband of Sekhmet and the father of Nefertem. He was also regarded as the father of the sage Imhotep.
Ptah-Patek, or Pataikos, is protective dwarf deity in ancient Egyptian religion that appears primarily on amulets. Many of these have been found in Phoenician and Punic centers throughout the Mediterranean, but also in Etruria and to a lesser extent in Greece.
The four sons of Horus were a group of four deities in ancient Egyptian religion who were believed to protect the dead in the afterlife. Beginning in the First Intermediate Period of Egyptian history, Imsety, Hapy, Duamutef, and Qebehsenuef were especially connected with the four canopic jars that housed the internal organs which were removed from the body of the deceased during the process of mummification. Most commonly, Imsety protected the liver, Hapy the lungs, Duamutef the stomach, and Qebehsenuef the intestines, but this pattern often varied.
A wind god is a god who controls the wind(s). Air deities may also be considered here as wind is nothing more than moving air. Many polytheistic religions have one or more wind gods.
Qed-her was an ancient Egyptian minor warrior and gate goddess of the underworld.
Qetesh was a goddess who was incorporated into the ancient Egyptian religion in the late Bronze Age. The Egyptians likely developed her name based on the Semitic root Q-D-Š, meaning 'holy' or 'blessed,' attested as a title of El and possibly Athirat and a further independent deity in texts from Ugarit.
Ra or Re was the ancient Egyptian deity of the Sun. By the Fifth Dynasty, in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, Ra had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon-day Sun. Ra ruled in all parts of the created world: the sky, the Earth, and the underworld.
Ra or Re was the ancient Egyptian deity of the Sun. By the Fifth Dynasty, in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, Ra had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon-day Sun. Ra ruled in all parts of the created world: the sky, the Earth, and the underworld.
Raet-Tawy or Raet is an ancient Egyptian solar deity, the female aspect of Ra. Her name is simply the female form of Ra's name; the longer name Raet-Tawy means "Raet of the Two Lands".
Re-Hor-achti is one of the ancient Egyptian gods in whom the ancient Egyptians combined the god Ra represented by the sun disk and Horus on the horizons.
The word Rekhyt from Ancient Egyptian: rḫyt, also romanized as Rechit, referred to a people living in the northern Nile Delta in the Early Dynastic Period of Ancient Egypt, as well as the deity Rekhyt from the Middle Kingdom onwards. The Rekhyt people's origins are unclear, as they were not yet considered Egyptians at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. Their settlement area extended to the border of Retjenu.
Renenūtet was a goddess of grain, grapes, nourishment and the harvest in the ancient Egyptian religion. The importance of the harvest caused people to make many offerings to Renenutet during harvest time. Initially, her cult was centered in Terenuthis.
Renpet was, in the Egyptian language, the word for "year". Its hieroglyph was figuratively depicted in art as a woman wearing a palm shoot over her head. She was often referred to as the Mistress of Eternity and also personified fertility, youth and spring.
Renpetneferet is a minor goddess who is credited as being either the sister or the wife of Imhotep in Late Period Egyptian texts. There is no evidence of an individual by this name existing during the reign of King Djoser, although similar names were being used for women during the fourth dynasty.
Repyt, or Repit, was an ancient Egyptian goddess. Typically, she was portrayed as one of the lioness goddesses of Egypt. Her husband was Min.
Ruty was an ancient Egyptian god. He was commonly depicted as two lions sejant facing away from each other, with the sign for Horizon placed on their backs. Ruty could also appear as a man with a lion’s head.
In many historical societies, the position of kingship carried a sacral meaning and was identical with that of a high priest and judge. Divine kingship is related to the concept of theocracy, although a sacred king need not necessarily rule through his religious authority; rather, the temporal position itself has a religious significance behind it. The monarch may be divine, become divine, or represent divinity to a greater or lesser extent.