قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَقَالَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَلِاسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْطاً فَلَمْ يَجْأَ بِهِنَّ فِيمَا شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ وَ لَمْ يَجُرْ فِيمَا اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرَطَ لَهُنَّ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ إِذْ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِنْ نِسائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَلَمْ يُجَوِّزْ لِأَحَدٍ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ لِعِلْمِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ غَايَةُ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ وَ أَمَّا مَا شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ مَا أَخَذَ لَهَا مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ عِنْدَ إِيلَائِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً وَ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعَشَرَةَ الْأَيَّامِ فِي الْعِدَّةِ إِلَّا مَعَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ غَايَةَ صَبْرِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ فِي تَرْكِ الْجِمَاعِ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ أَوْجَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَهَا .
Translation
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Husayn Bin Sayf, from Muhammad Bin Suleyman, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far<sup>asws</sup> the 2nd, said, ‘I said to him<sup>asws</sup>, ‘May I be sacrificed for you<sup>asws</sup>! How come the waiting period of the divorced woman is three menstruations, or three months, and the waiting period of the woman widowed from her husband came to be four months and ten (days)?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘As for the waiting period of the divorced woman being three <span class="iTxt">Quroo</span>s (pure periods), so it is for the freeing of the womb from the child, and as for the waiting period of the woman widowed from her husband, so Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic Stipulated a condition for the women, and Stipulated a condition against them. So He<sup>azwj</sup> did not Seize them with regards to what He<sup>azwj</sup> stipulated for the, and was not Unjust with regards to what He<sup>azwj</sup> Stipulated against them. A condition for them regarding the oath (by the husband not to copulate) is four months as Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic is Saying <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:2#h226"><a href="/books/quran:2#h226">[2:226]</a></a> Those who swear that they will not go in to their wives should wait four months</span>. Thus, it is not allowed for anyone, more than four months regarding the oath, for the Blessed and High Knows that it is the limit of the patient of the woman from the man. And as for what He<sup>azwj</sup> Stipulated against them, so He<sup>azwj</sup> Commanded her that she should wait, when her husband dies from her, for four months and ten (days). Thus, He<sup>azwj</sup> Took from her for him during his death, what he Took for her from him during his lifetime with the oathing. Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Says <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:2#h234"><a href="/books/quran:2#h234">[2:234]</a></a> they should keep themselves in waiting for four months and ten</span>, and did not Mention the ‘ten days’ in the waiting period except with the four months, and Knows that the limit of the patience of the woman is four months regarding the neglect of the copulation, So from then it Obligates against her and for her’.
Compiled by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Source
License: Free for educational and research use (Thaqalayn Data API)
Provided for research and educational purposes. Original source: Thaqalayn Project. Open License.