قَالَ لِي يَوْماً يَا زُهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ فَقُلْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قُلْتُ تَذَاكَرْنَا أَمْرَ الصَّوْمِ فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيِي وَ رَأْيُ أَصْحَابِي عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ شَيْءٌ وَاجِبٌ إِلَّا صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا زُهْرِيُّ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ وَجْهاً فَعَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا وَاجِبَةٌ كَوُجُوبِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا صِيَامُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ وَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْهَا صَاحِبُهَا بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَ صَوْمُ الْإِذْنِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ وَ صَوْمُ التَّأْدِيبِ وَ صَوْمُ الْإِبَاحَةِ وَ صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَسِّرْهُنَّ لِي قَالَ أَمَّا الْوَاجِبَةُ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الَّذِينَ يُظاهِرُونَ مِنْ نِسائِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ لِما قالُوا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فِيمَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فِي قَتْلِ الْخَطَإِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْعِتْقَ وَاجِبٌ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِناً خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَ دِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلى أَهْلِهِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ كانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيماً حَكِيماً وَ صَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ وَاجِبٌ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ذلِكَ كَفَّارَةُ أَيْمانِكُمْ إِذا حَلَفْتُمْ هَذَا لِمَنْ لَا يَجِدُ الْإِطْعَامَ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ مُتَتَابِعٌ وَ لَيْسَ بِمُتَفَرِّقٍ وَ صِيَامُ أَذَى حَلْقِ الرَّأْسِ وَاجِبٌ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ بِهِ أَذىً مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَفِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍ فَصَاحِبُهَا فِيهَا بِالْخِيَارِ فَإِنْ صَامَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ صَوْمُ الْمُتْعَةِ وَاجِبٌ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْهَدْيَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَنْ تَمَتَّعَ بِالْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَمَا اسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ الْهَدْيِ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيامُ ثَلاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ وَ سَبْعَةٍ إِذا رَجَعْتُمْ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كامِلَةٌ وَ صَوْمُ جَزَاءِ الصَّيْدِ وَاجِبٌ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ مِنْكُمْ مُتَعَمِّداً فَجَزاءٌ مِثْلُ ما قَتَلَ مِنَ النَّعَمِ يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ هَدْياً بالِغَ الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ كَفَّارَةٌ طَعامُ مَساكِينَ أَوْ عَدْلُ ذلِكَ صِياماً أَ وَ تَدْرِي كَيْفَ يَكُونُ عَدْلُ ذَلِكَ صِيَاماً يَا زُهْرِيُّ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ يُقَوَّمُ الصَّيْدُ قِيمَةً قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ تُفَضُّ تِلْكَ الْقِيمَةُ عَلَى الْبُرِّ ثُمَّ يُكَالُ ذَلِكَ الْبُرُّ أَصْوَاعاً فَيَصُومُ لِكُلِّ نِصْفِ صَاعٍ يَوْماً وَ صَوْمُ النَّذْرِ وَاجِبٌ وَ صَوْمُ الِاعْتِكَافِ وَاجِبٌ وَ أَمَّا الصَّوْمُ الْحَرَامُ فَصَوْمُ يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَ يَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى وَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ وَ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ أُمِرْنَا بِهِ وَ نُهِينَا عَنْهُ أُمِرْنَا بِهِ أَنْ نَصُومَهُ مَعَ صِيَامِ شَعْبَانَ وَ نُهِينَا عَنْهُ أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ الرَّجُلُ بِصِيَامِهِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يَشُكُّ فِيهِ النَّاسُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَامَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ شَيْئاً كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يَنْوِي لَيْلَةَ الشَّكِّ أَنَّهُ صَائِمٌ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ فَقُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ يُجْزِئُ صَوْمُ تَطَوُّعٍ عَنْ فَرِيضَةٍ فَقَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا صَامَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ تَطَوُّعاً وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ عَلِمَ بَعْدُ بِذَلِكَ لَأَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ لِأَنَّ الْفَرْضَ إِنَّمَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الْيَوْمِ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ صَوْمُ الْوِصَالِ حَرَامٌ وَ صَوْمُ الصَّمْتِ حَرَامٌ وَ صَوْمُ نَذْرِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ حَرَامٌ وَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ حَرَامٌ وَ أَمَّا الصَّوْمُ الَّذِي صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ فَصَوْمُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ الْخَمِيسِ وَ صَوْمُ الْبِيضِ وَ صَوْمُ سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ صَاحِبُهُ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَمَّا صَوْمُ الْإِذْنِ فَالْمَرْأَةُ لَا تَصُومُ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا وَ الْعَبْدُ لَا يَصُومُ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ الضَّيْفُ لَا يَصُومُ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) مَنْ نَزَلَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ فَلَا يَصُومُ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ وَ أَمَّا صَوْمُ التَّأْدِيبِ فَأَنْ يُؤْخَذَ الصَّبِيُّ إِذَا رَاهَقَ بِالصَّوْمِ تَأْدِيباً وَ لَيْسَ بِفَرْضٍ وَ كَذَلِكَ الْمُسَافِرُ إِذَا أَكَلَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَهْلَهُ أُمِرَ بِالْإِمْسَاكِ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَ لَيْسَ بِفَرْضٍ وَ أَمَّا صَوْمُ الْإِبَاحَةِ لِمَنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ نَاسِياً أَوْ قَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَعَمُّدٍ فَقَدْ أَبَاحَ اللَّهُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ صَوْمُهُ وَ أَمَّا صَوْمُ السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ فَإِنَّ الْعَامَّةَ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ يَصُومُ وَ قَالَ آخَرُونَ لَا يَصُومُ وَ قَالَ قَوْمٌ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ يُفْطِرُ فِي الْحَالَيْنِ جَمِيعاً فَإِنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَوْ فِي حَالِ الْمَرَضِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فَمَنْ كانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضاً أَوْ عَلى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ فَهَذَا تَفْسِيرُ الصِّيَامِ .
Translation
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Qasim Bin Muhammad Al Jowhary, from Suleyman Bin Dawood, from Sufyan Bin Uyayna, from Al Zuhry, (It has been narrated) from Ali<sup>asws</sup> Bin Al-Husayn<sup>asws</sup>, said, ‘He<sup>asws</sup> said to me one day: ‘O Zuhry! From where have you come?’ So I said, ‘From the Masjid’. He<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘In what (discussion) were you?’ I said, ‘We were mentioning the matter of the Fasting, so there was a consensus of my view, and the views of my companions upon that, there is no Fast which is Obligatory except for a Fast of the Month of Ramazan’. So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘O Zuhry! It is not as you are saying it. The Fast is upon forty aspects. So ten aspects from these are Obligatory like the Obligation of the Month of Ramazan; and ten aspects from these, its Fasting is Prohibited; and fourteen from these, it’s doer is with the choice, if he so desires to, he may Fast, and if he so desires to, he breaks; and the Fast requiring permission is upon three aspects; and the Fast of disciplining, and the Permissible Fast, and the Fast of the journey and the sickness’. I said, ‘So, interpret these for me’. He<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘As for the Obligations, so these are the Fasts of the Month of Ramazan, and Fast of the two consecutive months regarding a expiation for the <span class="iTxt">Zihaar</span> due to the Words of Allah<sup>azwj</sup> the Exalted <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:58#h3"><a href="/books/quran:58#h3">[58:3]</a></a> And (as for) those who put away their wives by likening their backs to the backs of their mothers then withdraw what they said, should free a captive before they touch them</span> – up to His<sup>azwj</sup> Words <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:58#h4"><a href="/books/quran:58#h4">[58:4]</a></a> But whoever has not the means, let him fast for two months successively</span>; And the Fasting of the two consecutive months for the one who breaks a day’s Fast from the Month of Ramazan; and the Fasting of two consecutive months regarding the killing in error for the one who cannot find the emancipation (of a slave), and Obligation due to the Words of Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:4#h92"><a href="/books/quran:4#h92">[4:92]</a></a> And it does not befit a Believer to kill a Believer except by mistake, and whoever kills a Believer by mistake, he should free a believing slave, and blood-money should be paid to his people </span>– up to the Words of the Mighty and Majestic - <span class="ibTxt">but he who cannot find (a slave) should fast for two months successively: a penance from Allah, and Allah is Knowing, Wise</span>; And the Fast of the three days regarding the expiation of the oath is Obligatory. Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic Says <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:5#h89"><a href="/books/quran:5#h89">[5:89]</a></a> then fasting for three days; this is the expiation of your oaths when you swear</span>. This is for the one who cannot find the feeding. All of that is consecutive and are not with separation; And the Fast of (abstaining from) from shaving of the head (during Hajj) due to harm, is Obligatory. Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic Says <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:2#h196"><a href="/books/quran:2#h196">[2:196]</a></a> but whoever among you is sick or has an ailment of the head, he (should effect) a compensation by Fasting or alms or sacrificing</span>. So it’s doer therein is with the choice. So if he wants to Fast, he Fasts for three days; And the Fast for the Mut’a (of Hajj) is Obligatory for the one who cannot find the sacrifice. Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic Says <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:2#h196"><a href="/books/quran:2#h196">[2:196]</a></a> then when you are secure, whoever benefits by combining the Umrah with the Hajj (should take) what offering is easy to obtain; but he who cannot find (any offering) should Fast for three days during the Hajj and for seven days when he returns; these (make) ten (days) complete</span>; And the Fast being a penalty for the hunting. Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic Says <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:5#h95"><a href="/books/quran:5#h95">[5:95]</a></a> and whoever among you shall kill it intentionally, the compensation (of it) is the like of what he killed, from the cattle, as two just persons among you shall judge, as an offering to be brought to the Kabah or the expiation (of it) is the feeding of the poor or the equivalent of it in Fasting</span>. Or, do you know what the equivalent of it in Fasting comes to be, O Zuhry?’ I said, ‘No, I don’t know’. He<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘The hunted animal is evaluated with a fair price, then that price is converted into wheat. Then, that wheat would be divided in weight by Sa’as (units of measurement approximately 3 kg.), so he would Fast one day for each half Sa’a’. And the Fast for the vow is Obligatory; and the Fast for the seclusion in the Mosque (I’tikaaf) is Obligatory. And as for the Prohibited Fasts – So the day of (Eid) Al-Fitr; and the Day of the Sacrifice (during Hajj); and three days from the days of Tashreek (11<sup>th</sup>, 12<sup>th</sup>, and 13<sup>th</sup> of Zilhajj); And the Fast of the day of doubt. We have been Commanded with it and we have been Prohibited from it. We have been Commanded with it that we should Fast it along with the Fasts of Shaban, and we are Forbidden from it that the man should be solitary with its Fasting during the day in which the people have doubts therein’. So I said to him<sup>asws</sup>, ‘May I be sacrificed for you<sup>asws</sup>! Supposing it does not happen to be a Fast from Shaban, anything, how would one deal with it?’ He<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘He should intend on the night of the doubt that he is Fasting from Shaban. So if it was from the Month of Ramazaan, it would suffice from it, and if it was from Shaban, it would not harm him’. So I said, ‘And how can a voluntary Fast suffice from an Obligatory one?’ So he<sup>asws</sup> said: ‘If a man were to Fast a day from the Month of Ramazan voluntarily, and he does not know that it is from the Month of Ramazan, then he comes to know afterwards with that, it would suffice from it, because the Obligation, rather, occurred upon the day exactly’. And the continuous Fast (for more than a day) is Prohibited; and the Fast of silence is Prohibited; and the Fast of a vow of disobedience is Prohibited; and the Fast of (all) the time is Prohibited. And as for the Fast in which it’s does is with the choice – so it is the Fast on the day of Friday and the Thursday; and the Fast of the whiteness (four days of brightness in the middle of the month); and the Fasts during the six days of Shawwal after the Month of Ramazan; and the Fast during the day of Arafaat; and the Fast during the day of Ashura. So, during all that, it’s doer is with the choice. If he so desires to, he Fasts, and if he so desires to, he breaks. And as for the Fasts requiring permission – so the wife cannot Fast voluntarily except with the permission of her husband; and the slave cannot Fast voluntarily except with the permission of his master; and the guest cannot Fast voluntarily except with the permission of his host. Rasool-Allah<sup>saww</sup> said: ‘The one who lodges upon a people, so he should not Fast voluntarily except with their permission’. And as for the Fasts as a discipline – so the child can be seized with the Fasting as a discipline when he is an adolescent, and it is not with an Obligation; and similar to that is the traveller, when he eats at the beginning of the day, then he proceeds (back) to his family, so he refrains from the remainder of his day, and it is not with an Obligation. And as for the Permissible Fast, it is for the one who eats or drinks out of forgetfulness, or vomits from other than deliberately, so Allah<sup>azwj</sup> has Permitted that for him, and his Fast would suffice for him. And as for the Fast of the journey and the illness, so the general Muslims have differed with regards to that. So a group said, ‘He should Fast’, and the others said, ‘He should not Fast’, and a group said, ‘He can Fast if he so desires to, and breaks if he so desires to’. And as for us<sup>asws</sup>, so we<sup>asws</sup> are saying that he should break during both the states together. So if he were to Fast during the journey, or during a state of illness, so upon him would be its fulfilment (making up), for Allah<sup>azwj</sup> Mighty and Majestic is Saying <span class="ibTxt"><a href="/#/books/quran:2#h184"><a href="/books/quran:2#h184">[2:184]</a></a> but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days</span>’. Thus, this is the interpretation of the Fasts’.
Compiled by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Source
License: Free for educational and research use (Thaqalayn Data API)
Provided for research and educational purposes. Original source: Thaqalayn Project. Open License.