[25] From the Biography given at the end of Miskat-ul-Anwar, Cairo edition (1322). [26] “The Confessions of Al-Ghazali,” trans. by Claud Field, London, 1909. [27] Cf. Appendix VII in Macdonald’s “Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theology.” [28] I follow here the contents of Ghazali’s own _Wajiz_. [29] D. B. Macdonald, “Life of Al-Ghazzali,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. XX, p. 76. [30] Huart, “Arabic Literature.” [31] “Lalla Rookh.” [32] “Baghdad under the Abbasside Caliphate,” G. Le Strange, Oxford, 1900, p. 298. [33] Several of these are given at length by Murtadha. [34] Macdonald, p. 88. [35] Macdonald, p. 90, and see Bibliography. [36] “The Maqamat.” [37] “Manuel d’Art Musulman,” Vol. I, Paris, 1907. [38] Compare on the chronology the first chapters of Gardner’s “Al-Ghazali,” 1919 (Christian Lit. Soc. for India). [39] Quoted in Klein’s “Islam,” page 87, from the _Ihya_, IV: 320. [40] For the significance of these terms consult Hughes’ “Dictionary of Islam.” [41] That this method of seeking God is still a refuge for the most earnest and sincere among Moslems is clear from such books as “The Autobiography of Imad-ud-Din the Indian Convert” (C. M. S., London). [42] Gardner finds evidence that the book mentioned was _not_ written there. [43] “The Jewish Encyclopædia,” article “Machpelah.” [44] A recent traveller says: “There is a hole in the wall which is supposed to communicate with the cave below. Jews write letters to Abraham and place them in this hole, to tell him how badly they are being treated by the Moslems. But the Moslem boys are said to know that the hole has no great depth, and to collect these letters and burn them before Abraham has seen them.” [45] Cf. his “Ihya” and also his “Al-Wajiz.” [46] M. J. De Goeje, “Memoire sur les Carmathes du Bahrain et Les Fatimides,” (Leiden, 1886) pp. 104-114. [47] In the _Ihya_ Al-Ghazali gives the prayer to be offered when kissing the Black Stone. [48] “Mekka,” Dr. C. Snouck Hurgronje, Vol. I, den Haag, 1888. [49] Burton’s “Pilgrimage,” Vol. II, Appendix, pp. 323-324. [50] Macdonald, “The Life of Al-Ghazzali,” pp. 97-98. [51] Burton’s “Pilgrimage to Al-Medinah and Meccah,” Vol. I, p. 12. [52] Macdonald’s “Life of Al-Ghazzali,” pp. 105, 107-108, quoted from Murtadha. [53] Quoted in Hayat-ul-Hayawan. [54] An exposition of the Creed of the People of the Sunna on the two Words of Witnessing (_kalimatai ’sh-shahada_) which form one of the foundations of Islam. This creed is intended to be committed to memory by children. It forms the first section of the second book of Ghazali’s Ihya, Vol. II, pp. 17-42 of edit. of Cairo with commentary of the Sayyid Murtadha. We are indebted for the translation to Professor Macdonald (_Muslim Theology and Jurisprudence_).