Feminism in Greek Literature from Homer to Aristotle — Aristotle — John Shaqi
Feminism in Greek Literature from Homer to Aristotle
Aristotle · en
But though Xuthus has now got a son, Creüsa is still a childless wife. In
passionate anger she reveals her long hidden secret, denounces the god as
the author of her ruin, and with the help of a slave, attempts to poison
Ion. The plot fails, she is pursued as a murderess by Ion and is on the
point of being put to death. Then the priestess once more intervenes.
She has heard Creüsa’s story—in some details not unlike though more
lamentable than her own—and she determines to help a fellow sufferer.
She has already given up her son to his father, and she now arranges a
second trick whereby Creüsa shall believe Ion to be her child. She has in
her possession a baby’s wicker cradle, a piece of cloth similar to that
in which the dead baby was wrapped, and Creüsa’s own bracelet which has
been used in the poisoning plot. By an ingenious subterfuge she makes all
three appear to be the recognition tokens of Creüsa’s child. Creüsa with
joy, Ion with some painful doubts, accept the new relationship; and so
the play ends.
The Ion and the Andromache both abound in incident: the Medea and the
Alcestis depend more on a psychological interest. They are ‘one-part’
plays—the strong woman Medea and the weak man Admetus—and they have many
points of resemblance. In the Medea a mother kills her children to save
her own pride: in the Alcestis a mother consents to death to save her
children’s position. Alcestis is a saint: Medea—to some people—a devil.
Medea is certainly not meant to be a pleasant character. She has laboured
too long under a sense of injustice to be pleasant either in her thoughts
or behaviour. ‘You are always abusing the government;’ Jason says to
her, ‘and so you will have to be ejected.’ She expresses the revolt of
women in its bitterest form. ‘Of all things that draw breath,’ she cries,
‘and have understanding, we women are the most miserable; we are merely
_a thing that exists_. To begin with, we must outbid each other to buy
ourselves a lord and take a master of our body. ’Tis a risky business—we
may get a knave or an honest man. To leave her husband brings a woman
no honour, and we may not refuse our lords. When a woman comes to fresh
ways and pastures new, she needs must be a prophet, for she has never
been taught at home how best to use the man who now shares her bed. If
we work our task aright, and our lord keeps house with us, and does not
kick against the yoke, then our life is enviable. If not—better to be
dead. A man, if he is vexed with the company of his household, goes out
and purges away his heart’s annoyance; but we women are compelled to look
ever at one soul.’