Feminism in Greek Literature from Homer to Aristotle
Aristotle · en
This first period will last till the age of three, when the child will
begin to find out its own natural modes of amusement in company with
other children: from three to six, boys and girls should live and
play together: after six they should separate, and begin to receive
instruction.
On the subject of co-education, which may be regarded as the best
practical solution for the cure of sex-ignorance, Plato speaks with a
rather uncertain voice. His general theory presupposes an identity of
training, and the free mingling of boys and girls, young men and women,
in sport and work. But he is disturbed by his conviction of the natural
badness of boys contrasted with girls:
Of all animals, the boy is the most unmanageable, inasmuch
as he has the fountain of reason in him not yet regulated;
he is the most insidious, sharp-witted, and insubordinate of
creatures; therefore he must be bound with many bridles.
The further difficulty, that constant friendly intercourse between young
men and women may lead to undesirable results is discussed at some length
in the _Laws_, p. 835, and the very sensible conclusion is arrived at
that a healthy public opinion will be the first result of these natural
conditions of comradeship, and that the general sentiment will be the
strongest of checks upon undue licence. The importance of example in
education and morals is rightly insisted upon:
The best way of training the young is to train yourself at the
same time: not to admonish them, but to be always carrying out
your own admonitions in practice.
Finally, education is of supreme importance to a country:
The minister of education is the most important officer of
State; of all appointments his is the greatest; he will rule
according to law, must be fifty years old, and have children of
his own, both boys and girls by preference, at any rate one or
the other.
These are some of the salient points of Plato’s teaching, but a careful
reading of the _Republic_ and the _Laws_ will reveal many further issues
and many side-lights on the main thesis. Plato does not trouble to be
rigorously consistent, and, like Euripides, he does not hesitate at times
to play the part of the candid friend, and to point out what he thinks
are the natural weaknesses of the female sex. Sometimes he is right,
sometimes he is wrong. ‘Women,’ he says, ‘are too prone to secrecy and
stealth; they are accustomed to creep into dark places and resist being
dragged into the light.’