Lives of Eminent Zoologists, from Aristotle to Linnæus: with Introductory remarks on the Study of Natural History
Aristotle · en
that of any other creature, a uvula, the face bare and parallel to the
abdomen, the nose prominent and compressed, the chin projecting, no
tail, feet resting on the heels, the males bearded on the chin, the
females smooth.
As to the orang-outang, which forms his second species of man, he might
have known that having four hands, and being incapable of carrying its
body erect, it had no right to stand beside the lord of the creation.
The second genus, _Simia_, includes the baboons and monkeys, of which,
with and without tails, he enumerates thirty-three species.
3. _Lemur_, the macaucos: 5 species.
4. _Vespertilio_, the bats: 6 species.
These are the _Nobles_ of the animal kingdom: men, monkeys, lemurs, and
bats. There could hardly be a more unnatural association; but all
artificial systems, founded upon the consideration of a single organ or
set of organs, are chargeable with similar absurdities.
The second order, BRUTA, is composed of the following genera:--
5. _Elephas_, the elephant, of which there is only one
species.
6. _Trichechus_, the walrus: 2 species, the morse and
manati.
7. _Bradypus_, the sloth: 2 species.
8. _Myrmecophaga_, the anteater: 4 species.
9. _Manis_: 2 species.
10. _Dasypus_, the armadillo: 6 species.
The third order, FERAE, or Beasts of Prey:--
11. _Phoca_, the seal: 3 species.
12. _Canis_, the dog, wolf, hyena, fox, jackal, &c.: 9
species.
13. _Felis_, the cat kind, including the lion, the tiger,
&c.: 7 species.
14. _Viverra_, the civet: 6 species.
15. _Mustela_, the martin, including otters, weasels,
ermines, polecats, &c.: 11 species.
16. _Ursus_, the bear: 4 species.
17. _Didelphis_, the opossum: 5 species.
18. _Talpa_, the mole: 2 species.
19. _Sorex_, the shrew: 5 species.
20. _Erinaceus_, the hedgehog: 3 species.
The fourth order, GLIRES, Gnawing Animals:--
21. _Hystrix_, the porcupine: 4 species.
22. _Lepus_, the hare: 4 species.
23. _Castor_, the beaver: 3 species.
24. _Mus_, rats and mice: 21 species.
25. _Sciurus_, the squirrel: 11 species.
26. _Noctilio_: 1 species.
The fifth order, PECORA, the Ruminating Animals:--
27. _Camelus_, the camel, dromedary, lama, and alpaca: 4
species.
28. _Moschus_, the musk: 3 species.
29. _Cervus_, the deer: 7 species.
30. _Capra_, the goat: 12 species.
31. _Ovis_, the sheep: 3 species.
32. _Bos_, the ox tribe: 6 species.
The sixth order, BELLUAE, contains,--
33. _Equus_, the horse, ass, and zebra: 3 species.
34. _Hippopotamus_: 1 species.
35. _Sus_, the hog tribe: 5 species.
36. _Rhinoceros_: 1 species.
The seventh order, CETE, the Whales, consists of four genera:--
37. _Monodon_, the narwhal, or sea-unicorn: 1 species.
38. _Balaena_, the whale, properly so called: 4 species.
39. _Physeter_, the cachalot: 4 species.