[226] Perhaps a reference should be made to the Vision of the Otherworld composed by Dante’s friend, the learned Jew Immanuel ben Salamone, as the question might occur whether Dante may not, by his means, have arrived at such part of his subject as relates to Old Testament lore and Jewish tradition by a shorter cut than the usual channels, which it has been here attempted to trace. Immanuel was born at Rome in 1265, the year of Dante’s birth, and, like his friend, was at once poet, scholar, theologian, philosopher, and exile, and, probably, one of the most learned men of his day. It is possible that Dante may have been indebted to him for stray pieces of information, scraps of Hebrew, and the like, but the debt can hardly go further than this. Immanuel’s vision of Hell and Paradise was not completed till 1325, and is a manifest imitation of the _Commedia_; it has been conjectured, even, that by Daniel, who served as his guide, as Virgil did to Dante, he signified the latter. See Signor Seppelli’s translation, with notes and introduction--_Inferno e Paradiso di Emanuele di Salamone_, Ancona, 1874. INDEX Abersetus, 36, 194. Acallam na Sénórach, 187. Accadian survivals in Assyrian mythology, 69. Achæmenian elements in Avestan religion, 79. Acheron, 216. Achilles in Leuke, 143. Achtlann, 149. Adam, legend of death of, 84, 97; Book of, 203 _n._; Book of Adam and Eve, 114. Adam de Ros, 230. Adamnán, St., authorities for life, 4 _n._, 12; meaning of name, 7; birth and lineage, 7; anecdote of student days, 12, 13; at monastery of Iona, 8; Abbot, 8; missions to England, 8, 9; relations with Bede, 9; Paschal controversy, 9, 10; Boruma tribute, 15, 16, 17; relations with Árd-Rí Finnachta, 13 _sqq._; emancipation of women, 18 _sqq._, 45; death, 10, 22-3; character, 9, 12, 23-4; his learning, 10, 12, 25; his _Life of St. Colm Cille_, 10; cited, 157, 166; treatise _De Locis Sanctis_, 11, 114; his canons, 12, 18; apocryphal writings, 12; the _Cáin Adamnáin_, 18 _sqq._, 27. ---- The Vision of, date of, 25; MSS. and editions, 27; reasons of ascription to Adamnán, 25 _sqq._, 45, 177; Translation, 28 _sqq._; precedents and authorities, 28-9, 106-7, 180-1; contents discussed, 25 _sqq._, 174 _sqq._; structural design, 175 _sqq._; composite character, 176 _sqq._; literary characteristics, 174-6, 186, 246-8; ecclesiastical proclivities, 182-4; Purgatorial theory, 193-4; coincidences with Oriental eschatology, 83 _sqq._, 90, 193; compared with Dante’s _Commedia_, 181, 185, 187, 188 _n._, 189, 193 _n._, 194-5, 200-4; relation to Dante, 243-6; cited, 3, 22, 96 _n._, 133, 144, 152, 171, 172, 174, 211, 212, 218 _n._, 230, 232, 233. Addison’s _Vision of Mirza_ and Bridge episode, 132. Aelian, 151.