The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06: (From Barbarossa to Dante) — Dante Alighieri — John Shaqi
The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06: (From Barbarossa to Dante)
Dante Alighieri · en
The wages of servants were strictly settled, and no increase or
diminution was permitted. Three marks and a half a year were the wages
of a carpenter or smith, two and a half marks of a coachman, a mark
and a half of a laborer, two marks of a domestic servant, and half a
mark of a nurse. Masters had the right to follow their runaway
servants, and to pierce their ears; but if they dismissed a servant
before the end of his term of service, they must pay him a year's
wages. Servants were not allowed to marry during time of harvest and
vintage, under penalty of losing a year's wages and paying a fine of
three marks. No bargains were to be made on Sundays and festivals, and
no shops were to be open on those days till after morning service.
Sumptuary laws of the most stringent nature were passed, some of which
appear very singular. At a marriage or other domestic festival,
officers of justice might offer their guests six measures of beer,
tradesmen must not give more than four, peasants only two. Playing for
money, with dice or cards, was forbidden. Bishops were to visit their
dioceses every three years, and to aid missions to the heathen. Those
who gave drink to others must drink of the same beverage themselves,
to avoid the danger of poisoning, as commonly practised by the heathen
Prussians. A new coinage was also issued.
The next half-century was a period of general prosperity and advance
for the order. It was engaged almost incessantly in war, either for
the retention of its conquests or for the acquisition of new
territory. There were also internal difficulties and dissensions, and
contests with the bishops. In 1308 the Archbishop of Riga appealed to
Pope Clement V, making serious charges against the order, and
endeavoring to prevail upon him to suppress it in the same way as the
Templars had lately been dealt with. Gerard, Count of Holstein,
however, came forward as the defender of the knights. A formal inquiry
was opened before the Pope at Avignon in 1323. The principal charges
brought forward by the Archbishop were, that the order had not
fulfilled the conditions of its sovereignty in defending the Church
against its heathen enemies; that it did not regard excommunications;
that it had offered insolence to the Archbishop, and seized some of
the property of his see, and other similar accusations. The grand
master explained some of these matters, denied others, and produced an
autograph letter of the Archbishop's, in which he secretly endeavored
to stir up the Grand Duke of Lithuania to make a treacherous attack
upon some of the fortresses of the knights. The end of the matter was
that the case was dismissed, and there is little doubt that there were
serious faults on both sides.