The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 06: (From Barbarossa to Dante)
Dante Alighieri · en
It was arranged that John and Philip should hold a conference at
Boutavant. John, it appears, kept--or at least was ready to keep--the
appointment; but Philip either was, or pretended to be, afraid of
venturing into Norman territory, and would not advance beyond
Gouleton. Thither John came across the river to meet him. No agreement
was arrived at. Finally, Philip cited John to appear in Paris fifteen
days after Easter, 1202, at the court of his overlord the King of
France, to stand to its judgment, to answer to his lord for his
misdoings, and undergo the sentence of his peers. The citation was
addressed to John as Count of Anjou and Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine;
the Norman duchy was not mentioned in it. This omission was clearly
intentional; when John answered the citation by reminding Philip that
he was Duke of Normandy, and as such, in virtue of ancient agreement
between the kings and the dukes, not bound to go to any meeting with
the King of France save on the borders of their respective
territories, Philip retorted that he had summoned not the Duke of
Normandy, but the Duke of Aquitaine, and that his rights over the
latter were not to be annulled by the accidental union of the two
dignities in one person.
John then promised that he would appear before the court in Paris on
the appointed day, and give up to Philip two small castles, Thillier
and Boutavant, as security for his submitting to its decision. April
28th passed, and both these promises remained unfulfilled. One English
writer asserts that thereupon "the assembled court of the King of
France adjudged the King of England to be deprived of all his land
which he and his forefathers had hitherto held of the King of France,"
but there is reason to think that this statement is erroneous, and
derived from a false report put forth by Philip Augustus for political
purposes two or three years later. It is certain that after the date
of this alleged sentence negotiations still went on; "great and
excellent mediators" endeavored to arrange a pacification; and Philip
himself, according to his own account, had another interview with
John, at which he used all his powers of persuasion to bring him to
submission, but in vain. Then the French King, by the advice of his
barons, formally "defied" his rebellious vassal; in a sudden burst of
wrath he ordered the Archbishop of Canterbury--evidently one of the
mediators just referred to--out of his territories, and dashing after
him with such forces as he had at hand, began hostilities by a raid
upon Boutavant, which he captured and burned. Even after this, if we
may trust his own report, he sent four knights to John to make a final
attempt at reconciliation; but John would not see them.