Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy: Volume 1 (of 3)
Georg Hegel · en
Of the two departments of knowledge allied to Philosophy we found
that the one, that of the special sciences, could not be called a
philosophy in that it, as independent seeing and thinking immersed in
finite matter, and as the active principle in becoming acquainted with
the finite, was not the content, but simply the formal and subjective
moment. The second sphere, Religion, is deficient in that it only had
the content or the objective moment in common with Philosophy. In it
independent thought was an essential moment, since the subject had
an imaginary or historical form. Philosophy demands the unity and
intermingling of these two points of view; it unites the Sunday of
life when man in humility renounces himself, and the working-day when
he stands up independently, is master of himself and considers his
own interests. A third point of view seems to unite both elements,
and that is popular Philosophy. It deals with universal objects and
philosophizes as to God and the world; and thought is likewise occupied
in learning about these matters. Yet this Philosophy must also be
cast aside. The writings of Cicero may be put under this category;
they contain a kind of philosophy that has its own place and in which
excellent things are said. Cicero formed many experiences both in the
affairs of life and mind, and from them and after observing what takes
place in the world, he deduced the truth. He expresses himself with
culture on the concerns most important to man, and hence his great
popularity. Fanatics and mystics may from another point of view be
reckoned as in this category. They give expression to a deep sense of
devotion, and have had experiences in the higher regions. They are able
to express the highest content, and the result is attractive. We thus
find the brightest gleams of thought in the writings of a Pascal—as we
do in his _Pensées_.