The Philosophy of Fine Art, volume 4 (of 4): Hegel's Aesthetik
Georg Hegel · en
The sphere of this content,[46] although capable of great variety of
detail, is not in its essential features very extensive. The principal
source of opposition, which Sophocles in particular, in this respect
following the lead of Æschylus, has accepted and worked out in the
finest way, is that of the _body politic_, the opposition, that is,
between ethical life in its social universality and the family as the
natural ground of moral relations. These are the purest forces of
tragic representation. It is, in short, the harmony of these spheres
and the concordant action within the bounds of their realized content,
which constitute the perfected reality of the moral life. In this
respect I need only recall to recollection the "Seven before Thebes"
of Æschylus and, as a yet stronger illustration, the "Antigone" of
Sophocles. Antigone reverences the ties of blood-relationship, the
gods of the nether world. Creon alone recognizes Zeus, the paramount
Power of public life and the commonwealth. We come across a similar
conflict in the "Iphigeneia in Aulis," as also in the "Agamemnon," the
"Choephorae," and "Eumenides" of Æschylus, and in the "Electra" of
Sophocles. Agamemnon, as king and leader of his army, sacrifices his
daughter in the interest of the Greek folk and the Trojan expedition.
He shatters thereby the bond of love as between himself and his
daughter and wife, which Clytemnestra retains in the depths of a
mother's heart, and in revenge prepares an ignominious death for her
husband on his return. Orestes, their son, respects his mother, but is
bound to represent the right of his father, the king, and strikes dead
the mother who bore him.
A content of this type retains its force through all times, and its
presentation, despite all difference of nationality, vitally arrests
our human and artistic sympathies.