The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
For the motion from A to C is made by two coefficient or concurrent
motions, the one in A H parallel to D G, the other in A D perpendicular
to the same D G; of which two motions that in A H works nothing upon the
body A after it has been moved as far as C, because, by supposition, it
doth not pass the strait line D G; whereas the endeavour in A D, that is
in H C, worketh further towards I. But seeing it doth only press and not
penetrate, there will be reaction in H, which causeth motion from C
towards H; and in the meantime the motion in H E remains the same it was
in A H; and therefore the body will now be moved by the concourse of two
motions in C H and H E, which are equal to the two motions it had
formerly in A H and H C. Wherefore it will be carried on in C E. The
angle therefore of reflection will be E C G, equal, by construction, to
the angle A C D; which was to be demonstrated.
Now when the body is considered but as a point, it is all one whether
the superficies or line in which the reflection is made be strait or
crooked; for the point of incidence and reflection C is as well in the
crooked line which toucheth D G in C, as in D G itself.
[Sidenote: The same happens in the generation of motion in the line of
incidence.]
9. But if we suppose that not a body be moved, but some endeavour only
be propagated from A to C, the demonstration will nevertheless be the
same. For all endeavour is motion; and when it hath reached the solid
body in C, it presseth it, and endeavoureth further in C I. Wherefore
the reaction will proceed in C H; and the endeavour in C H concurring
with the endeavour in H E, will generate the endeavour in C E, in the
same manner as in the repercussion of bodies moved.
If therefore endeavour be propagated from any point to the concave
superficies of a spherical body, the reflected line with the
circumference of a great circle in the same sphere will make an angle
equal to the angle of incidence.
For if endeavour be propagated from A (in fig. 6) to the circumference
in B, and the centre of the sphere be C, and the line C B be drawn, as
also the tangent D B E; and lastly if the angle F B D be made equal to
the angle A B E, the reflection will be made in the line B F, as hath
been newly shown. Wherefore the angles, which the strait lines A B and F
B make with the circumference, will also be equal. But it is here to be
noted, that if C B be produced howsoever to G, the endeavour in the line
G B C will proceed only from the perpendicular reaction in G B; and that
therefore there will be no other endeavour in the point B towards the
parts which are within the sphere, besides that which tends towards the
centre.