The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Fifthly, that in monarchy there is this inconvenience; that any subject,
by the power of one man, for the enriching of a favourite or flatterer,
may be deprived of all he possesseth; which I confess is a great and
inevitable inconvenience. But the same may as well happen, where the
sovereign power is in an assembly: for their power is the same; and they
are as subject to evil counsel, and to be seduced by orators, as a
monarch by flatterers; and becoming one another’s flatterers, serve one
another’s covetousness and ambition by turns. And whereas the favourites
of monarchs, are few, and they have none else to advance but their own
kindred; the favourites of an assembly, are many; and the kindred much
more numerous, than of any monarch. Besides, there is no favourite of a
monarch, which cannot as well succour his friends, as hurt his enemies:
but orators, that is to say, favourites of sovereign assemblies, though
they have great power to hurt, have little to save. For to accuse,
requires less eloquence, such is man’s nature, than to excuse; and
condemnation, than absolution more resembles justice.
Sixthly, that it is an inconvenience in monarchy, that the sovereignty
may descend upon an infant, or one that cannot discern between good and
evil: and consisteth in this, that the use of his power, must be in the
hand of another man, or of some assembly of men, which are to govern by
his right, and in his name; as curators, and protectors of his person,
and authority. But to say there is inconvenience, in putting the use of
the sovereign power, into the hand of a man, or an assembly of men; is
to say that all government is more inconvenient, than confusion, and
civil war. And therefore all the danger that can be pretended, must
arise from the contention of those, that for an office of so great
honour, and profit, may become competitors. To make it appear, that this
inconvenience, proceedeth not from that form of government we call
monarchy, we are to consider, that the precedent monarch hath appointed
who shall have the tuition of his infant successor, either expressly by
testament, or tacitly, by not controlling the custom in that case
received: and then such inconvenience, if it happen, is to be
attributed, not to the monarchy, but to the ambition, and injustice of
the subjects; which in all kinds of government, where the people are not
well instructed in their duty, and the rights of sovereignty, is the
same. Or else the precedent monarch hath not at all taken order for such
tuition; and then the law of nature hath provided this sufficient rule,
that the tuition shall be in him, that hath by nature most interest in
the preservation of the authority of the infant, and to whom least
benefit can accrue by his death, or diminution. For seeing every man by
nature seeketh his own benefit, and promotion; to put an infant into the
power of those, that can promote themselves by his destruction, or
damage, is not tuition, but treachery.