The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
And according to this proper, and generally received meaning of the
word, a FREEMAN, _is he, that in those things, which by his strength and
wit he is able to do, is not hindered to do what he has a will to_. But
when the words _free_, and _liberty_, are applied to any thing but
_bodies_, they are abused; for that which is not subject to motion, is
not subject to impediment: and therefore, when it is said, for example,
the way is free, no liberty of the way is signified, but of those that
walk in it without stop. And when we say a gift is free, there is not
meant any liberty of the gift, but of the giver, that was not bound by
any law or covenant to give it. So when we _speak freely_, it is not the
liberty of voice, or pronunciation, but of the man, whom no law hath
obliged to speak otherwise than he did. Lastly, from the use of the word
_free-will_, no liberty can be inferred of the will, desire, or
inclination, but the liberty of the man; which consisteth in this, that
he finds no stop, in doing what he has the will, desire, or inclination
to do.
[Sidenote: Fear and liberty are consistent.]
Fear and liberty are consistent; as when a man throweth his goods into
the sea for _fear_ the ship should sink, he doth it nevertheless very
willingly, and may refuse to do it if he will: it is therefore the
action of one that was _free_: so a man sometimes pays his debt, only
for _fear_ of imprisonment, which because nobody hindered him from
detaining, was the action of a man at _liberty_. And generally all
actions which men do in commonwealths, for _fear_ of the law, are
actions, which the doers had _liberty_ to omit.
[Sidenote: Liberty and necessity consistent.]