The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
The variety of bodies politic, is almost infinite: for they are not only
distinguished by the several affairs, for which they are constituted,
wherein there is an unspeakable diversity; but also by the times,
places, and numbers, subject to many limitations. And as to their
affairs, some are ordained for government; as first, the government of a
province may be committed to an assembly of men, wherein all resolutions
shall depend on the votes of the major part; and then this assembly is a
body politic, and their power limited by commission. This word province
signifies a charge, or care of business, which he whose business it is,
committeth to another man, to be administered for, and under him; and
therefore when in one commonwealth there be divers countries, that have
their laws distinct one from another, or are far distant in place, the
administration of the government being committed to divers persons,
those countries where the sovereign is not resident, but governs by
commission, are called provinces. But of the government of a province,
by an assembly residing in the province itself, there be few examples.
The Romans who had the sovereignty of many provinces; yet governed them
always by presidents, and prætors; and not by assemblies, as they
governed the city of Rome, and territories adjacent. In like manner,
when there were colonies sent from England, to plant Virginia, and
Sommer-islands; though the governments of them here, were committed to
assemblies in London, yet did those assemblies never commit the
government under them to any assembly there, but did to each plantation
send one governor. For though every man, where he can be present by
nature, desires to participate of government; yet where they cannot be
present, they are by nature also inclined, to commit the government of
their common interest rather to a monarchical, than a popular form of
government: which is also evident in those men that have great private
estates; who when they are unwilling to take the pains of administering
the business that belongs to them, chuse rather to trust one servant,
than an assembly either of their friends or servants. But howsoever it
be in fact, yet we may suppose the government of a province, or colony
committed to an assembly: and when it is, that which in this place I
have to say, is this; that whatsoever debt is by that assembly
contracted; or whatsoever unlawful act is decreed, is the act only of
those that assented, and not of any that dissented, or were absent, for
the reasons before alleged. Also that an assembly residing out of the
bounds of that colony whereof they have the government, cannot execute
any power over the persons, or goods of any of the colony, to seize on
them for debt, or other duty, in any place without the colony itself, as
having no jurisdiction, nor authority elsewhere, but are left to the
remedy, which the law of the place alloweth them. And though the