The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Or if those public lands, and services, were
ordained as a sufficient maintenance of the commonwealth, it was
contrary to the scope of the institution; being, as it appeared by those
ensuing taxes, insufficient, and, as it appears by the late small
revenue of the crown, subject to alienation and diminution. It is
therefore in vain, to assign a portion to the commonwealth; which may
sell, or give it away; and does sell and give it away, when it is done
by their representative.
[Sidenote: The places and matter of traffic depend, as their
distribution, on the sovereign.]
As the distribution of lands at home; so also to assign in what places,
and for what commodities, the subject shall traffic abroad, belongeth to
the sovereign. For if it did belong to private persons to use their own
discretion therein, some of them would be drawn for gain, both to
furnish the enemy with means to hurt the commonwealth, and hurt it
themselves, by importing such things, as pleasing men’s appetites, be
nevertheless noxious, or at least unprofitable to them. And therefore it
belongeth to the commonwealth, that is, to the sovereign only, to
approve, or disapprove both of the places, and matter of foreign
traffic.
[Sidenote: The laws of transferring propriety belong also to the
sovereign.]
Further, seeing it is not enough to the sustentation of a commonwealth,
that every man have a propriety in a portion of land, or in some few
commodities, or a natural property in some useful art, and there is no
art in the world, but is necessary either for the being, or well being
almost of every particular man; it is necessary, that men distribute
that which they can spare, and transfer their propriety therein,
mutually one to another, by exchange, and mutual contract. And therefore
it belongeth to the commonwealth, that is to say, to the sovereign, to
appoint in what manner all kinds of contract between subjects, as
buying, selling, exchanging, borrowing, lending, letting, and taking to
hire, are to be made; and by what words and signs they shall be
understood for valid. And for the matter, and distribution of the
nourishment, to the several members of the commonwealth, thus much,
considering the model of the whole work, is sufficient.
[Sidenote: Money the blood of a commonwealth.]