The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Also the popularity of a potent subject, unless the commonwealth have
very good caution of his fidelity, is a dangerous disease; because the
people, which should receive their motion from the authority of the
sovereign, by the flattery and by the reputation of an ambitious man are
drawn away from their obedience to the laws, to follow a man, of whose
virtues, and designs they have no knowledge. And this is commonly of
more danger in a popular government, than in a monarchy; because an army
is of so great force, and multitude, as it may easily be made believe,
they are the people. By this means it was, that Julius Cæsar, who was
set up by the people against the senate, having won to himself the
affections of his army, made himself master both of senate and people.
And this proceeding of popular, and ambitious men, is plain rebellion;
and may be resembled to the effects of witchcraft.
[Sidenote: Excessive greatness of a town, multitude of corporations.]
Another infirmity of a commonwealth, is the immoderate greatness of a
town, when it is able to furnish out of its own circuit, the number, and
expense of a great army: as also the great number of corporations; which
are as it were many lesser commonwealths in the bowels of a greater,
like worms in the entrails of a natural man. [Sidenote: Liberty of
disputing against sovereign power.] To which may be added, the liberty
of disputing against absolute power, by pretenders to political
prudence; which though bred for the most part in the lees of the people,
yet animated by false doctrines, are perpetually meddling with the
fundamental laws, to the molestation of the commonwealth; like the
little worms, which physicians call _ascarides_.
We may further add, the insatiable appetite, or βουλιμια, of enlarging
dominion; with the incurable _wounds_ thereby many times received from
the enemy; and the _wens_, of ununited conquests, which are many times a
burthen, and with less danger lost, than kept; as also the _lethargy_ of
ease, and _consumption_ of riot and vain expense.
[Sidenote: Dissolution of the commonwealth.]