The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 03 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
Lastly, to the prognostics of time to come; which are naturally, but
conjectures upon experience of time past; and supernaturally, divine
revelation; the same authors of the religion of the Gentiles, partly
upon pretended experience, partly upon pretended revelation, have added
innumerable other superstitious ways of divination; and made men believe
they should find their fortunes, sometimes in the ambiguous or senseless
answers of the priests at Delphi, Delos, Ammon, and other famous
oracles; which answers, were made ambiguous by design, to own the event
both ways; or absurd, by the intoxicating vapour of the place, which is
very frequent in sulphurous caverns: sometimes in the leaves of the
Sybils; of whose prophecies, like those perhaps of Nostradamus (for the
fragments now extant seem to be the invention of later times), there
were some books in reputation in the time of the Roman republic:
sometimes in the insignificant speeches of madmen, supposed to be
possessed with a divine spirit, which possession they called enthusiasm;
and these kinds of foretelling events, were accounted theomancy, or
prophecy: sometimes in the aspect of the stars at their nativity; which
was called horoscopy, and esteemed a part of judiciary astrology:
sometimes in their own hopes and fears, called thumomancy, or presage:
sometimes in the prediction of witches, that pretended conference with
the dead; which is called necromancy, conjuring, and witchcraft; and is
but juggling and confederate knavery: sometimes in the casual flight, or
feeding of birds; called augury: sometimes in the entrails of a
sacrificed beast; which was _aruspicina_: sometimes in dreams: sometimes
in croaking of ravens, or chattering of birds: sometimes in the
lineaments of the face; which was called metoposcopy; or by palmistry in
the lines of the hand; in casual words, called _omina_: sometimes in
monsters, or unusual accidents; as eclipses, comets, rare meteors,
earthquakes, inundations, uncouth births, and the like, which they
called _portenta_, and _ostenta_, because they thought them to portend,
or foreshow some great calamity to come; sometimes, in mere lottery, as
cross and pile; counting holes in a sieve; dipping of verses in Homer,
and Virgil; and innumerable other such vain conceits. So easy are men to
be drawn to believe any thing, from such men as have gotten credit with
them; and can with gentleness, and dexterity, take hold of their fear,
and ignorance.
[Sidenote: The designs of the authors of the religion of the heathen.]