The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
We see jugglers commonly strip up their
sleeves, and promise extraordinary fair dealing, before they begin to
play their tricks.
“Concerning the second argument drawn from the liberty of God and the
good angels; as I cannot but approve his modesty, in ‘suspending his
judgment concerning the manner how God and the good angels do work
necessarily or freely, because he finds it not set down in the Articles
of our faith, or the decrees of our Church’, especially in this age,
which is so full of atheism, and of those scoffers which St. Peter
prophesied of, (2 Pet. iii. 3), who neither believe that there is God or
angels, or that they have a soul, but only as salt, to keep their bodies
from putrifaction; so I can by no means assent unto him in that which
follows, that is to say, that he hath proved that liberty and necessity
of the same kind may consist together, that is, a liberty of exercise
with a necessity of exercise, or a liberty of specification with a
necessity of specification. Those actions which he saith are
necessitated by passion, are for the most part dictated by reason,
either truly or apparently right, and resolved by the will itself. But
it troubles him, that I say that God and the good angels are more free
than men, intensively in the degree of freedom, but not extensively in
the latitude of the object, according to a liberty of exercise, but not
of specification: which he saith are no distinctions, but terms invented
to cover ignorance. Good words. Doth he only see? Are all other men
stark blind? By his favour, they are true and necessary distinctions;
and if he alone do not conceive them, it is because distinctions, as all
other things, have their fates, according to the capacities or
prejudices of their readers. But he urgeth two reasons. ‘One heat,’
saith he, ‘may be more intensive than another, but not one liberty than
another.’ Why not, I wonder? Nothing is more proper to a man than
reason; yet a man is more rational than a child, and one man more
rational than another, that is, in respect of the use and exercise of
reason. As there are degrees of understanding, so there are of liberty.
The good angels have clearer understandings than we, and they are not
hindered with passions as we, and by consequence they have more use of
liberty than we. (_f_) His second reason is: ‘he that can do what he
will, hath all liberty, and he that cannot do what he will, hath no
liberty’. If this be true, then there are no degrees of liberty indeed.
But this which he calls liberty, is rather an omnipotence than a liberty
to do whatsoever he will. A man is free to shoot, or not to shoot,
although he cannot hit the white whensoever he would. We do good freely,
but with more difficulty and reluctance than the good spirits. The more
rational, and the less sensual the will is, the greater is the degree of
liberty. His other exception against liberty of exercise, and liberty of
specification, is a mere mistake, which grows merely from not rightly