The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_d_) “In the very last passage of my discourse I proposed mine own
private opinion, how it might be made appear, that the eternal
prescience and decrees of God are consistent with true liberty and
contingency. And this I set down in as plain terms as I could, or as so
profound a speculation would permit: which is almost wholly
misunderstood by T. H., and many of my words wrested to a wrong sense.
As first, where I speak of the aspect of God, that is, his view, his
knowledge, by which the most free and contingent actions were manifest
to him from eternity, (Heb. iv. 13, _all things are naked and open to
his eyes_), and this not discursively, but intuitively, not by external
species, but by his internal essence; he confounds this with the will
and the decrees of God; though he found not the word _aspect_ before in
this discourse, he might have found prescience. (_e_) Secondly, he
chargeth me, that hitherto I have maintained that ‘liberty and the
decrees of God are irreconcilable.’ If I have said any such thing, my
heart never went along with my pen. No, but his reason why he chargeth
me on this manner is, because I have maintained that ‘liberty and the
absolute necessity of all things’ are irreconcilable. That is true
indeed. What then? ‘Why,’ saith he, ‘necessity and God’s decrees are all
one.’ How all one? That were strange indeed. Necessity may be a
consequent of God’s decrees; it cannot be the decree itself. (_f_) But
to cut his argument short: God hath decreed all effects which come to
pass in time; yet not all after the same manner, but according to the
distinct natures, capacities, and conditions of his creatures, which he
doth not destroy by his decree; some he acteth, with some he
co-operateth by special influence, and some he only permitteth. Yet this
is no idle or bare permission; seeing he doth concur both by way of
general influence, giving power to act; and also by disposing all events
necessary, free, and contingent to his own glory. (_g_) Thirdly, he
chargeth me, that I ‘allow all men to be of his opinion, save only those
that conceive in their minds a _nunc stans_, or how eternity is an
indivisible point, rather than an everlasting succession’. But I have
given no such allowance. I know there are many other ways proposed by
divines, for reconciling the eternal prescience and decrees of God with
the liberty and contingency of second causes; some of which may please
other judgments better than this of mine. Howsoever, though a man could
comprehend none of all these ways, yet remember what I said, that a
certain truth ought not to be rejected, because we are not able, in
respect of our weakness, to understand the certain manner or reason of
it. I know the loadstone hath an attractive power to draw the iron to
it; and yet I know not how it comes to have such a power.