The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
(_f_) “Thirdly, neither doth any understanding man conceive, or can
conceive, either ‘that the will is an act of our deliberation’ (the
understanding and the will are two distinct faculties); or ‘that only
the last appetite is to be called our will’.” Though the understanding
and the will were two distinct faculties, yet followeth it not that the
will and the deliberation are two distinct faculties. For the whole
deliberation is nothing else but so many wills alternatively changed,
according as a man understandeth or fancieth the good and evil sequels
of the thing concerning which he deliberateth whether he shall pursue
it, or of the means whether they conduce or not to that end, whatsoever
it be, he seeketh to obtain. So that in deliberation there be many
wills, whereof not any is the cause of a voluntary action but the last;
as I have said before, answering this objection in another place.
(_g_) “Concerning the fourth point we agree, that ‘he is a free agent,
that can do if he will and forbear if he will’. But I wonder how this
dropped from his pen? &c. It may be he will say he can do if he will and
forbear if he will, but he cannot will if he will.” He has no reason to
wonder how this dropped from my pen. He found it in my answer No. III,
and has been all this while about to confute it, so long indeed that he
had forgot I said it; and now again brings another argument to prove a
man is free to will, which is this: “Either the agent can will and
forbear to will, or else he cannot do and forbear to do”. There is no
doubt a man can will one thing or other, and forbear to will it. For
men, if they be awake, are always willing one thing or other. But put
the case, a man has a will to-day to do a certain action to-morrow; is
he sure to have the same will to-morrow, when he is to do it? Is he free
to-day, to choose to-morrow’s will? This is it that is now in question,
and this argument maketh nothing for the affirmative or negative.