The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 05 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
And now I have done answering to his arguments, I shall here, in the end
of all, take that liberty of censuring his whole book, which he hath
taken in the beginning, of censuring mine. ‘I have’, saith he, (No. I.)
‘perused T. H.’s answers, considered his reasons, and conclude he hath
missed and mislaid the question; that his answers are evasions, that his
arguments are paralogisms, and that the opinion of absolute and
universal necessity is but a result of some groundless and ill chosen
principles.’ And now it is my turn to censure. And first, for the
strength of his discourse and knowledge of the point in question, I
think it much inferior to that which might have been written by any man
living, that had no other learning besides the ability to write his
mind; but as well perhaps as the same man would have done it if to the
ability of writing his mind he had added the study of School-divinity.
Secondly, for the manners of it, (for to a public writing there
belongeth good manners), it consisteth in railing and exclaiming and
scurrilous jesting, with now and then an unclean and mean instance. And
lastly, for his elocution, the virtue whereof lieth not in the flux of
words, but in perspicuity, it is the same language with that of the
kingdom of darkness. One shall find in it, especially where he should
speak most closely to the question, such words as these: divided sense,
compounded sense, hypothetical necessity, liberty of exercise, liberty
of specification, liberty of contradiction, liberty of contrariety,
knowledge of approbation, practical knowledge, general influence,
special influence, instinct, qualities infused, efficacious election,
moral efficacy, moral motion, metaphorical motion, _practice practicum_,
_motus primo primi_, _actus eliciti_, _actus imperati_, permissive will,
consequent will, negative obduration, deficient cause, simple act, _nunc
stans_; and other like words of nonsense divided: besides many
propositions such as these: the will is the mistress of human actions,
the understanding is her counsellor, the will chooseth, the will
willeth, the will suspends its own act, the understanding understandeth,
(I wonder how he missed saying, the understanding suspendeth its own
act,) the will applies the understanding to deliberate; the will
requires of the understanding a review; the will determines itself; a
change may be willed without changing of the will; man concurs with God
in causing his own will; the will causeth willing; motives determine the
will not naturally, but morally; the same action may be both future and
not future; God is not just but justice, not eternal but eternity;
eternity is _nunc stans_; eternity is an infinite point which
comprehendeth all time, not formally, but eminently; all eternity is
co-existent with to-day, and the same co-existent with to-morrow: and
many other like speeches of nonsense compounded, which the truth can
never stand in need of. Perhaps the Bishop will say, these terms and