The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11) — Thomas Hobbes — John Shaqi
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 07 (of 11)
Thomas Hobbes · en
There is therefore to everything concerning which a man may ask without
absurdity, _how much it is_, a certain quantity belonging, determining
the magnitude to be _so much_. Also wheresoever there is _more_ and
_less_, there is one kind of quantity or other. And first there is the
quantity of bodies, and that of three kinds: length, which is by one way
of measuring; superficies, made of the complication of two lengths, or
the measure taken two ways; and solid, which is the complication of
three lengths, or of the measure taken three ways, for breadth or
thickness are but other lengths. And the science of geometry, so far
forth as it contemplateth bodies only, is no more but by measuring the
length of one or more lines, and by the position of others known in one
and the same figure, to determine by ratiocination, how much is the
superficies; and by measuring length, breadth, and thickness, to
determine the quantity of the whole body. Of this kind of magnitudes and
quantities the subject is body.
And because for the computing of the magnitudes of bodies, it is not
necessary that the bodies themselves should be present, the ideas and
memory of them supplying their presence, we reckon upon those imaginary
bodies, which are the quantities themselves, and say the length is so
great, the breadth so great, &c. which in truth is no better than to say
the length is so long, or the breadth so broad, &c. But in the mind of
an intelligent man it breedeth no mistake.
Besides the quantity of bodies, there is a quantity of time. For seeing
men, without absurdity, do ask how much it is; by answering _tantum_,
_so much_, they make manifest there is a quantity that belongeth unto
time, namely, a length. And because length cannot be an accident of
time, which is itself an accident, it is the accident of a body; and
consequently the length of the time, is the length of the body; by which
length or line, we determine how much the time is, supposing some body
to be moved over it.
Also we not improperly ask with _how much_ swiftness a body is moved;
and consequently there is a quantity of motion or swiftness, and the
measure of that quantity is also a line. But then again, we must suppose
another motion, which determineth the time of the former. Also of force,
there is a question of _how much_, which is to be answered by _so much_;
that is, by quantity. If the force consist in swiftness, the
determination is the same with that of swiftness, namely, by a line; if
in swiftness and quantity of body jointly, then by a line and a solid;
or if in quantity of body only, as weight, by a solid only.
So also is number quantity; but in no other sense than as a line is
quantity divided into equal parts.