Philip’s fourth marriage--The killing of Montigny--Anne of Austria--Philip’s domestic life--His industry--The Escorial--His patronage of art--His character--Renewed war with the Turks--Don Juan commands the Spanish force--The victory of Lepanto--Don Juan’s great projects--Antonio Perez.....153 CHAPTER XIII The Spanish troops in Flanders--Don Juan sent to Flanders--His projects for invading England--Mutiny of the Spanish troops in Flanders--The Spanish fury--Evacuation of Flanders by the Spanish troops--Perez’s plot against Don Juan--The murder of Escobedo--Don Juan seizes Namur--Renewal of the war--The battle of Gemblours--Desperation of Don Juan--His death--Alexander Farnese.....168 CHAPTER XIV Philip’s ineffectual action against Elizabeth--The Desmond rebellion--Philip’s conquest of Portugal--Recall of Alba and Granvelle to Philip’s councils--Don Antonio, Prior of O Crato--Death of Anne of Austria--Philip in Portugal--Flight of Antonio--His reception in England and France--The Duke of Alençon--Philip and Mary Stuart--James Stuart--Fresh proposals of the Scottish Catholics to Philip--Philip and Granvelle’s views with regard to England--Lennox and the Jesuits mismanage the plot--Philip’s claim to the English crown--Expulsion of Mendoza from England--The English exiles urge Philip to invade England--Sixtus V.--Intrigues in Rome--The Babington plot.....182 CHAPTER XV The Infanta to be Queen of England--Approaches of the Scottish Catholic lords to Philip--Execution of Mary Stuart--Intrigues for the English succession--Drake’s expedition to Cadiz--The peace negotiations with Farnese--Preparations for the Armada--Sailing of the Armada from Lisbon--Its return to Vigo--Medina Sidonia advises its abandonment--Its strength--Engagements with the English--Panic at Calais--Final defeat--Causes of the disaster--Philip’s reception of the news.....202 CHAPTER XVI Don Antonio in England--Catharine’s support of him--Strozzi’s defeat at St. Michaels--Philip’s patronage of assassination--Philip and the League--Renewal of the war of religion in France--The murder of Guise--Imprisonment of Antonio Perez and the Princess of Eboli--Perez’s treachery--His escape to Aragon--The _fueros_ of Aragon--Philip proceeds against Perez--Perez arrested by the Inquisition of Aragon--Rising in Zaragoza--Perez’s escape--Suppression of the Aragonese.....223 CHAPTER XVII Philip and Mayenne--The English attack upon Lisbon--Assassination of Henry III.--Philip’s plans in France--The war of the League--The battle of Ivry--Philip’s attitude towards Mayenne--Farnese enters France--Relief of Paris--Retirement of Farnese--Philip changes his plans in France--Farnese’s second campaign--Henry IV. goes to mass--Enters Paris as king--Exit of the Spaniards.....237 CHAPTER XVIII