Philosophumena; or, The refutation of all heresies, Volume II
David Hume · en
29. But the Sadducees eliminate Fate, and confess that God neither
does nor contemplates anything evil; but that man has the power to
choose the good or evil. But they deny not only the Resurrection of the
Flesh, but also consider that the soul does not survive. But that its
[function] is to live and that that is why man is born. And that the
doctrine of the Resurrection is fulfilled by leaving children on earth
when we die. But that after death there will be no hope of suffering
either evil or good. For [they say that] there will be a dissolution
of soul and body and that man will go to that which is not in the same
way as the other animals. And that if a man has great possessions, and
having become rich is [thereby] glorified, he is so far the gainer; but
that God does not take care of the affairs of [Sidenote: p. 469.] any
one individual. And while the Pharisees love one another, the Sadducees
love [only] themselves. The same heresy was especially strong round
about Samaria. And they give heed to the customs of the Law, saying
that one ought to do so that one may live well and leave children
behind on earth. But they pay no attention to the Prophets, nor to any
other wise men, but only to the Law [given] through Moses. Nor do they
interpret anything. This then is the heresy of the Sadducees.[131]
30. Since now we have set forth the differences among the Jews, it
seems proper not to pass over in silence the discipline of their
service of God. Now there is a fourfold system with regard to the
service of God among all Jews [to wit] Theological, Physical, Moral
and Ceremonial.[132] And they say that there is one God, the Demiurge
of the All and the Maker of all things that before were not,[133]
nor did He make them from any subordinate essence, but He willed and
created. And that there are angels and that they have come into being
for the service of creation; but that there is also a Spirit having
authority ever standing beside Him for the glory and praise of God.
And that all things in the creation have sensation and that nothing is
without soul.[134] And they pursue customs tending to a holy [Sidenote:
p. 470.] and temperate life as is to be recognized in their Law. But
these things were of old carefully laid down by those who originally
received a God-made Law, so that the reader will be astonished at
so much moderation and care in the customs prescribed for man. But
the ceremonial service offered in becoming fashion was excellently
performed by them as it is easy for those who wish to learn by reading
the Book discoursing on these matters.[135] [There they will see] how
reverently and devoutly they offered to God the things given by Him for
the use and enjoyment of man, obeying Him orderly and constantly. Some
of these [doctrines] the Sadducees reject; for they hold that neither
angels nor spirit exist.[136]