[Footnote 124: Like the Egyptian _turria_, an axe with its blade at right angles to instead of in a line with the shaft. Much used for digging.] [Footnote 125: This section also is taken from Josephus, _op. cit._, II, 8, 9. Hippolytus omits to say that the blasphemers of Moses were to be punished capitally. The refusal to get out of bed is not mentioned by Josephus.] [Footnote 126: τὴν ἄσκησιν, lit., “training,” as for a gymnastic competition. Cf. our word “ascetic.”] [Footnote 127: Josephus, _op. cit._, § 10, says that the sect and not their teaching was fourfold. He transfers the story of pollution by touch to the attitude of the seniors towards the juniors, and knows nothing of the gate story. The Zealots, according to him (_op. cit._, VII, 8, 1) grew up under the Sicarii, who defended Masada against the Romans in Vespasian’s time. The rest of this section corresponds with his Book II, 8, 10.] [Footnote 128: In this section, Hippolytus leaves Josephus, except as to the Islands of the Blessed and the Essene gift of prophecy, both of which are to be found in Josephus, _op. cit._, II, 8, 11, 12.] [Footnote 129: Josephus (_op. cit._, II, 8, 13), almost _verbatim_ through the whole section.] [Footnote 130: ὀνόμασι κυρίοις, properly “nicknames.” He seems to imply that while they called themselves Jews, other people knew them as Pharisees, Chasidim, or Puritans. The statement about Fate and the everlasting punishment of the wicked is to be found in Josephus (_op. cit._, II, 8, 14), but the reward of the good is there said to be metempsychosis.] [Footnote 131: This section also appears to be expanded from Josephus, _op. cit._, II, 8, 14.] [Footnote 132: ἱερουργική.] [Footnote 133: He here seems to imply that in the view of the Jews, at any rate, the All was made from pre-existent material, as a house from bricks, while some things were created _e nihilo_. This is denied in the next sentence.] [Footnote 134: ἄψυχον. Perhaps with Cruice and Macmahon, we should translate “without _life_.” Yet it seems hardly possible that Jews considered stones and minerals as alive.] [Footnote 135: Leviticus?] [Footnote 136: Here he, or perhaps some commentator, has to contradict what he has just said about “all” Jews believing these doctrines.] [Footnote 137: βασιλεῦον καὶ ἱερατεῦον, “acting as kings and priests.”] [Footnote 138: Here again it is plain that “all Jews” could not believe this statement of Messianic hopes, and the Sadducees in particular would have repudiated what he says about the Resurrection and future recompense.] [Footnote 139: τῶν φιλοσοφουμένων, a play quite in Hippolytus’ usual manner on the name of the Book and its meaning. It should be noted that the “things imagined by the heretics” correspond to the second title, “Refutation of all Heresies.”]