Philosophumena; or, The refutation of all heresies, Volume II — David Hume — John Shaqi
Philosophumena; or, The refutation of all heresies, Volume II
David Hume · en
What are these (two)? Strife and Love.[91] But their love makes the
cosmos incorruptible and eternal, as they think. For substance and the
cosmos are one. But strife rends asunder and diversifies, and tries by
every means to make the world divide. Just as one cuts arithmetically
the myriad into thousands and hundreds and tens and drachmas, and
obols, and quarters by dividing it into small parts, so Strife cuts
the substance of the cosmos into animals, plants, metals and such
like things. And Strife is according to them, the Demiurge[92] of the
generation of all things coming to pass, and Love governs and provides
for the universe, so that it abides. And having collected into one the
scattered and rent (things) of the universe and leading them forth from
life, it joins and adds them to the universe so that it may abide and
be one. Never therefore will Strife cease from dividing the cosmos, nor
Love from attaching together [Sidenote: p. 275.] the separated things
of the cosmos. Something like this it seems is the “distribution”[93]
according to Pythagoras. But Pythagoras says that the stars are
fragments[94] of the sun and that the souls of animals are borne (to
us) from the stars. And that the same (souls) are mortal when they
are in the body being buried as it were in a tomb; but that they will
rise again and become immortal when we are separated from our bodies.
Whence Plato being asked by some one what Philosophy is, said: “It is a
separation of soul from body.”
26. Pythagoras, then, becoming a learner of these opinions, declared
some of them by means of enigmas and such like phrases, (such as:)
“If you are away from home, turn not back. Otherwise, the Furies the
helpers of justice will punish you.”[95] (For) he calls your home the
body and [Sidenote: p. 276.] the passions the Furies. If then, he says,
you are away from home, that is: if you have come forth from the body,
do not seek after it; but if you return to it, the passions will again
shut you up in a body. For they think there is a change of bodies
(μετενσωμάτωσις); as also Empedocles, when Pythagorizing, says. For the
pleasure-loving souls, as Plato says,[96] if they do not philosophize
when in man’s estate, must pass through the bodies of all animals and
plants and again return to a human body. But if (such a one) does
philosophize,[97] he will in the same way go on high thrice to his
kindred star; but if he does not philosophize will return again to the
same things. Thus he tells us that the soul is at once mortal if it be
ruled by the Furies, that is, by the Passions, and immortal if it flees
from them.