State of Ireland.--Conquest of that Island.--The King's Accommodation with the Court of Rome.--Revolt of young Henry and his brothers.-- Wars and Insurrections.--War with Scotland.--Penance of Henry for Becket's Murder.--William, King of Scotland, defeated and taken Prisoner.--The King's Accommodation with his Sons.--The King's equitable Administration.--Crusades.--Revolt of Prince Richard.--Death and Character of Henry.--Miscellaneous Transactions of his Reign CHAPTER X. RICHARD I. The King's Preparations for the Crusade.--Sets out on the Crusade.-- Transactions in Sicily.--King's Arrival in Palestine.--State of Palestine.--Disorders in England.--The King's Heroic Actions in Palestine.--His Return from Palestine.--Captivity in Germany.--War with France.--The King's Delivery.--Return to England.--War with France.--Death and Character of the King.--Miscellaneous Transactions of this Reign CHAPTER XI. JOHN Accession of the King.--His Marriage.--War with France.--Murder of Arthur, Duke of Britany.--The King expelled the French Provinces.--The King's Quarrel with the Court of Rome.--Cardinal Langton appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.--Interdict of the Kingdom.--Excommunication of the King.-The King's Submission to the Pope.--Discontents of the Barons.--Insurrection of the Barons.--Magna Carta.--Renewal of the Civil Wars.--Prince Lewis called over.--Death and Character of the King APPENDIX II. THE FEUDAL AND ANGLO-NORMAN GOVERNMENT AND MANNERS. Origin of the Feudal Law.--Its Progress.--Feudal Government of England.--The Feudal Parliament.--The Commons.-Judicial Power.-- Revenue of the Crown.--Commerce.--The Church.--Civil Laws.--Manners CHAPTER XII. HENRY III. Settlement of the Government.--General Pacification.--Death of the Protector.--Some Commotions.--Hubert de Burgh displaced.--The Bishop of Winchester Minister.--King's Partiality to Foreigners.-- Grievances.--Ecclesiastical Grievances.--Earl of Cornwall elected King of the Romans.--Discontent of the Barons--Simon de Mountfort, Earl of Leicester.--Provisions of Oxford.--Usurpation of the Barons.--Prince Edward.--Civil Wars of the Barons.--Reference to the King of France.-- Renewal of the Civil Wars.--Battle of Lewes.--House of Commons.-- Battle of Evesham and death of Leicester.--Settlement of the Government.--Death and Character of the King.--Miscellaneous Transactions of this Reign CHAPTER I. THE BRITONS.--ROMANS.--SAXONS.--THE HEPTARCHY.--THE KINGDOM OF KENT-- OF NORTHUMBERLAND--OF EAST ANGLIA--OF MERCIA--OF ESSEX--OF SUSSEX--OF WESSEX