A Brief History of the English Language and Literature, Vol. 2
John Stuart Mill · en
7. +The War-Poetry of England.+-- There were many poems about battles,
written both in Northumbria and in the south of England; but it was only
in the south that these war-songs were committed to writing; and of
these written songs there are only two that survive up to the present
day. These are the +Song of Brunanburg+, and the +Song of the Fight at
Maldon+. The first belongs to the date 938; the second to 991. The Song
of Brunanburg was inscribed in the SAXON CHRONICLE-- a current narrative
of events, written chiefly by monks, from the ninth century to the end
of the reign of Stephen. The song tells the story of the fight of King
Athelstan with Anlaf the Dane. It tells how five young kings and seven
earls of Anlaf’s host fell on the field of battle, and lay there
“quieted by swords,” while their fellow-Northmen fled, and left their
friends and comrades to “the screamers of war-- the black raven, the
eagle, the greedy battle-hawk, and the grey wolf in the wood.” The Song
of the Fight at Maldon tells us of the heroic deeds and death of
+Byrhtnoth+, an ealdorman of Northumbria, in battle against the Danes at
Maldon, in Essex. The speeches of the chiefs are given; the single
combats between heroes described; and, as in Homer, the names and
genealogies of the foremost men are brought into the verse.
8. +The First English Prose.+-- The first writer of English prose was
+Baeda+, or, as he is generally called, the +Venerable Bede+. He was
born in the year 672 at Monkwearmouth, a small town at the mouth of the
river Wear, and was, like Caedmon, a native of the kingdom of
Northumbria. He spent most of his life at the famous monastery of
Jarrow-on-Tyne. He spent his life in writing. His works, which were
written in Latin, rose to the number of forty-five; his chief work being
an +Ecclesiastical History+. But though Latin was the tongue in which he
wrote his books, he wrote one book in English; and he may therefore be
fairly considered the first writer of English prose. This book was a
+Translation of the Gospel of St John+-- a work which he laboured at
until the very moment of his death. His disciple Cuthbert tells the
story of his last hours. “Write quickly!” said Baeda to his scribe, for
he felt that his end could not be far off. When the last day came, all
his scholars stood around his bed. “There is still one chapter wanting,
Master,” said the scribe; “it is hard for thee to think and to speak.”
“It must be done,” said Baeda; “take thy pen and write quickly.” So
through the long day they wrote-- scribe succeeding scribe; and when the
shades of evening were coming on, the young writer looked up from his
task and said, “There is yet one sentence to write, dear Master.” “Write
it quickly!” Presently the writer, looking up with joy, said, “It is
finished!” “Thou sayest truth,” replied the weary old man; “it is
finished: all is finished.” Quietly he sank back upon his pillow, and,
with a psalm of praise upon his lips, gently yielded up to God his