A Brief History of the English Language and Literature, Vol. 2
John Stuart Mill · en
who was buried in the Poets’ Corner of the Abbey. We see from his life--
and it was fortunate for his poetry-- that Chaucer had the most varied
experience as student, courtier, soldier, ambassador, official, and
member of Parliament; and was able to mix freely and on equal terms with
all sorts and conditions of men, from the king to the poorest hind in
the fields. He was a stout man, with a small bright face, soft eyes,
dazed by long and hard reading, and with the English passion for
flowers, green fields, and all the sights and sounds of nature.
8. +Chaucer’s Works.+-- Chaucer’s greatest work is the +Canterbury
Tales+. It is a collection of stories written in heroic metre-- that is,
in the rhymed couplet of five iambic feet. The finest part of the
Canterbury Tales is the +Prologue+; the noblest story is probably the
+Knightes Tale+. It is worthy of note that, in 1362, when Chaucer was a
very young man, the session of the House of Commons was first opened
with a speech in English; and in the same year an Act of Parliament was
passed, substituting the use of English for French in courts of law, in
schools, and in public offices. English had thus triumphed over French
in all parts of the country, while it had at the same time become
saturated with French words. In the year 1383 the Bible was translated
into English by Wyclif. Thus Chaucer, whose writings were called by
Spenser “the well of English undefiled,” wrote at a time when our
English was freshest and newest. The grammar of his works shows English
with a large number of inflexions still remaining. The Canterbury Tales
are a series of stories supposed to be told by a number of pilgrims who
are on their way to the shrine of St Thomas (Becket) at Canterbury. The
pilgrims, thirty-two in number, are fully described-- their dress, look,
manners, and character in the Prologue. It had been agreed, when they
met at the Tabard Inn in Southwark, that each pilgrim should tell four
stories-- two going and two returning-- as they rode along the grassy
lanes, then the only roads, to the old cathedral city. But only
four-and-twenty stories exist.