A Brief History of the English Language and Literature, Vol. 2
John Stuart Mill · en
appointed Latin or Foreign Secretary to the Government of Oliver
Cromwell; and for the next ten years his time was taken up with official
work, and with writing prose-volumes in defence of the action of the
Republic. In 1660 the Restoration took place; and Milton was at length
free, in his fifty-third year, to carry out his long-cherished scheme of
writing a great Epic poem. He chose the subject of the fall and the
restoration of man. +Paradise Lost+ was completed in 1665; but, owing to
the Plague and the Fire of London, it was not published till the year
1667. Milton’s young Quaker friend, Ellwood, said to him one day: “Thou
hast said much of Paradise Lost, what hast thou to say of Paradise
Found?” +Paradise Regained+ was the result-- a work which was written in
1666, and appeared, along with +Samson Agonistes+, in the year 1671.
Milton died in the year 1674-- about the middle of the reign of Charles
II. He had been three times married.
9. +L’Allegro+ (or “The Cheerful Man”) is a companion poem to +Il
Penseroso+ (or “The Meditative Man”). The poems present two contrasted
views of the life of the student. They are written in an irregular kind
of octosyllabic verse. The +Comus+-- mostly in blank verse-- is a
lyrical drama; and Milton’s work was accompanied by a musical
composition by the then famous musician Henry Lawes. +Lycidas+-- a poem
in irregular rhymed verse-- is a threnody on the death of Milton’s young
friend, Edward King, who was drowned in sailing from Chester to Dublin.
This poem has been called “the touchstone of taste;” the man who cannot
admire it has no feeling for true poetry. The +Paradise Lost+ is the
story of how Satan was allowed to plot against the happiness of man; and
how Adam and Eve fell through his designs. The style is the noblest in
the English language; the music of the rhythm is lofty, involved,
sustained, and sublime. “In reading ‘Paradise Lost,’” says Mr Lowell,
“one has a feeling of spaciousness such as no other poet gives.”
+Paradise Regained+ is, in fact, the story of the Temptation, and of
Christ’s triumph over the wiles of Satan. Wordsworth says: “‘Paradise
Regained’ is most perfect in execution of any written by Milton;” and
Coleridge remarks that “it is in its kind the most perfect poem extant,
though its kind may be inferior in interest.” +Samson Agonistes+
(“Samson in Struggle”) is a drama, in highly irregular unrhymed verse,
in which the poet sets forth his own unhappy fate--
“Eyeless, in Gaza, at the mill with slaves.”
It is, indeed, an autobiographical poem-- it is the story of the last
years of the poet’s life.