A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive, 7th Edition, Vol. I
John Stuart Mill · en
Now I cannot but wonder that so much stress should be laid on the
circumstance of inconceivableness, when there is such ample experience
to show, that our capacity or incapacity of conceiving a thing has very
little to do with the possibility of the thing in itself; but is in
truth very much an affair of accident, and depends on the past history
and habits of our own minds. There is no more generally acknowledged
fact in human nature, than the extreme difficulty at first felt in
conceiving anything as possible, which is in contradiction to long
established and familiar experience; or even to old familiar habits of
thought. And this difficulty is a necessary result of the fundamental
laws of the human mind. When we have often seen and thought of two
things together, and have never in any one instance either seen or
thought of them separately, there is by the primary law of association
an increasing difficulty, which may in the end become insuperable, of
conceiving the two things apart. This is most of all conspicuous in
uneducated persons, who are in general utterly unable to separate any
two ideas which have once become firmly associated in their minds; and
if persons of cultivated intellect have any advantage on the point, it
is only because, having seen and heard and read more, and being more
accustomed to exercise their imagination, they have experienced their
sensations and thoughts in more varied combinations, and have been
prevented from forming many of these inseparable associations. But this
advantage has necessarily its limits. The most practised intellect is
not exempt from the universal laws of our conceptive faculty. If daily
habit presents to any one for a long period two facts in combination,
and if he is not led during that period either by accident or by his
voluntary mental operations to think of them apart, he will probably in
time become incapable of doing so even by the strongest effort; and the
supposition that the two facts can be separated in nature, will at last
present itself to his mind with all the characters of an inconceivable
phenomenon.[27] There are remarkable instances of this in the history of
science: instances in which the most instructed men rejected as
impossible, because inconceivable, things which their posterity, by
earlier practice and longer perseverance in the attempt, found it quite
easy to conceive, and which everybody now knows to be true. There was a
time when men of the most cultivated intellects, and the most
emancipated from the dominion of early prejudice, could not credit the
existence of antipodes; were unable to conceive, in opposition to old
association, the force of gravity acting upwards instead of downwards.
The Cartesians long rejected the Newtonian doctrine of the
gravitation of all bodies towards one another, on the faith of
a general proposition, the reverse of which seemed to them to be
inconceivable--the proposition that a body cannot act where it is not.