Among the monuments brought by Constantine from various parts of the Empire to adorn his city was the serpent column which had stood for eight centuries before the shrine of Delphi, inscribed with the names of the Greek States whose valour on the field of Platæa hurled the Persian out of Greece. In placing that column in the Hippodrome of New Rome, did he divine the mission of the new capital? It was Greece transferring to the city founded on the banks of the Bosporus the championship of the world’s best life. And as we look backwards upon the tremendous conflict between barbarism and civilization, which forms the very core of Byzantine history, we see that nowhere could that venerable monument have been placed more appropriately, and that if the name of the City of Constantine were inscribed upon it no dishonour would be cast upon the names already there, and only justice would be done to the Empire which assumed their task and emulated their renown. But the shield of the city in that long heroic contest were the Walls whose history we have reviewed. Footnote 884: See Map of Byzantine Constantinople. Footnote 885: Mentioned by the Anonymus, iii. p. 61; Nicetas Chon., p. 169; Cantacuzene, iv. p. 221. Footnote 886: Anonymus, iii. p. 61; Cantacuzene, iv. p. 232 ; Pachymeres, vol. i. p. 270. Footnote 887: Gyllius, _De Top. CP._, i. c. xxi. Footnote 888: Nicetas Chon., p. 205, ἀπὸ τῆς ἑῴας πύλης, ἥτις ἀνέῳγε κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν. Cf. _Ibid._, p. 26; Pachymeres, vol. i. p. 270. Footnote 889: Anabasis, vii. c. i. See above, p. 5. Footnote 890: Theophanes, p. 671; Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 12. Footnote 891: Pachymeres, _ut supra_. Footnote 892: See above, p. 184. Footnote 893: Nicephorus Greg., xvii. p. 860. Footnote 894: Cedrenus, vol. ii. p. 363. Footnote 895: Nicetas Chon., p. 26. Footnote 896: _Ibid._, p. 205. Footnote 897: Patriarch Constantius, _Ancient and Modern Consple._, p. 23. Footnote 898: Anonymus, ii. p. 26; Glycas, p. 468. Footnote 899: Page 268, Ὁ ἀντίπορθμος οὖτος πύργος τῆς τῶν Μαγγάνων ἄγχιστα δεδομημένος μονῆς. Footnote 900: The rock is associated with the history of Byzantium. Upon it Chares, admiral of the Athenian fleet, sent to aid Byzantium against Philip of Macedon, erected a pillar surmounted by the figure of a heifer as a monument to the memory of his wife, Damalis, who had accompanied him on the expedition, and died at Chrysopolis. Hence that suburb and the rock were sometimes called Damalis. A palace of the Byzantine emperors at Damalis was named Scutarion (Nicetas Chon., p. 280; Ville-Hardouin, c. lxix.). It was noted for its pleasant air and quiet. Cf. Gyllius, _De Bosporo Thracio_, iii. c. ix. Footnote 901: Cantacuzene, iii. pp. 438, 495, 541. Footnote 902: _Paschal Chron._, p. 495; _Notitia, ad Reg. II._ See above, p. 13. Footnote 903: Marcellinus Comes. Footnote 904: