One of the most perfect of the Irish croziers is preserved at Lismore Castle,[391] Co. Waterford. It bears an inscription showing that it was made by Nectan, the artisan, for Niall, son of MacAeducain. Mac Mic Aeducain was Bishop of Lismore from A.D. 1090 to 1113. Another fine crozier in the British Museum[392] has an inscription asking a prayer for Maelfinnia and Condulig. The former was Bishop of Kells, and died in A.D. 967. Condulig was an ecclesiastic of the same monastery, and died in A.D. 1047. The best examples of uninscribed croziers are the croziers of Clonmacnois[393] and of St. Berach in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin, and a crozier now in the possession of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Killarney. Besides the complete croziers mentioned there are several heads and other portions of croziers in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy, and in the Edinburgh Museum of Antiquities may be seen the head of the crozier of St. Fillan,[394] which has an unusually interesting history. [391] Petrie’s _Christian Inscriptions in the Irish Language_, vol. ii., p. 118; and H. O’Neill’s _Fine Arts of Ancient Ireland_, p. 42. [392] Petrie’s _Christian Inscriptions in the Irish Language_, vol. ii., p. 116. [393] Miss M. Stokes’ _Early Christian Art in Ireland_, p. 105. [394] Dr. J. Anderson’s _Scotland in Early Christian Times_, 1st ser., p. 219. The decoration of the Celtic croziers is concentrated on the head, the ferrule, and the collars round the straight portion of the staff. Most of the croziers have a zoömorphic cresting[395] on the outside curve of the head, sometimes consisting of a procession of beasts one behind the other, and sometimes only having terminal beasts’ heads at each end.[396] The flat portion of the crook of the crozier at the end is decorated in some cases with the head of the saint or bishop, and a crystal setting below.[397] Zoömorphism enters very largely into the ornamentation of the Celtic croziers, and the beasts with only two toes instead of three on the Crozier of Clonmacnois obviously betray their Scandinavian origin by this detail. The decoration of the heads of the croziers is treated in at least three different ways: (1) the head of the Lismore crozier is divided into rectangular panels with raised bosses of enamel at the intersections of the bands, which form the divisions between the panels; (2) the heads of the croziers of Dysert, Blathmac, and St. Fillan are divided into lozenge-shaped panels by a sort of raised lattice-work; and (3) the head of the crozier of Clonmacnois is not divided into panels, but the surface entirely covered with zoömorphic strapwork. [395] As on the croziers of Lismore, Clonmacnois, and Dysert. [396] As on St. Fillan’s crozier. [397] As on St. Fillan’s crozier. The croziers are all of the eleventh century or later, and their decoration has little in common with that of the early illuminated MSS.