Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
John Stuart Mill · en
There was no native British coinage either in Scotland, Wales, or
Ireland, and in England the finds do not extend further north than
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The greater part of the finds lie to the south of
a line drawn from Wroxeter to the Wash, and east of a line drawn from
the same place to Exeter. The geographical distribution of the finds is
clearly shown on the map given in Sir John Evans’ _Coins of the Ancient
Britons_.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FINDS OF OBJECTS OF THE LATE-CELTIC PERIOD
IN GREAT BRITAIN[159]
In the present state of our knowledge no very satisfactory deductions
can be made from a study of the geographical distribution of the finds
of this period, partly because the discoveries have been so imperfectly
recorded (more especially in Ireland), and partly because a large
number of sites which are probably Late-Celtic still remain unexplored.
Another difficulty to be reckoned with is that it is only within
the last few years that archæologists have been able to distinguish
between what is purely Celtic and what is Romano-British. Indeed, in
many cases, in the absence of coins or other evidence, it is quite
impossible to determine whether particular finds are of pre-Roman,
Roman, or even post-Roman, as the Late-Celtic style of decoration was
in vogue throughout the whole of the Pagan Iron Age in Britain, and
survived in remote districts after the introduction of Christianity.
Then, again, the fact must not be lost sight of that the greater
frequency of finds in some districts than others can be accounted for
by their having been covered with lakes where crannogs could be easily
constructed, or on the limestone formation, where rock-shelters and
caves suitable for temporary places of refuge already existed.
[159] A complete list of the finds as far as recorded is given in the
_Archæologia Cambrensis_, 5th ser., vol. xiii., p. 321.
We will take the geographical distribution of the sepulchral remains
first. It is most remarkable that up to the present no Late-Celtic
burials have been recorded in Wales, Scotland, or Ireland, although
finds of objects of the period have been frequent in all three of these
countries. The earlier Bronze Age burial customs may, of course, have
survived after the introduction of iron, or interments of the Iron Age
may have passed unrecognised owing to the rapid decay of the metal
implements accompanying the body.